盘点:非酒精性脂肪性肝炎:你需要了解的研究进展

2016-08-31 MedSci MedSci原创

大量的脂肪在肝脏细胞内异常积累,称为非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD),之所以称为"非酒精性",是为了与酒精性肝病相区别。随着肥胖及其相关代谢综合征全球化的流行趋势,非酒精性脂肪性肝病现已成为欧美等发达国家和我国富裕地区慢性肝病的重要病因,普通成人NAFLD患病率10%~30%,其中10%~20%为NASH,后者10年内肝硬化发生率高达25%。非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic st

大量的脂肪在肝脏细胞内异常积累,称为非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD),之所以称为"非酒精性",是为了与酒精性肝病相区别。

随着肥胖及其相关代谢综合征全球化的流行趋势,非酒精性脂肪性肝病现已成为欧美等发达国家和我国富裕地区慢性肝病的重要病因,普通成人NAFLD患病率10%~30%,其中10%~20%为NASH,后者10年内肝硬化发生率高达25%。

非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH)是一种严重的肝脏疾病,先于肝细胞癌(HCC)出现,而且当前是无法医治的。这里小M整理了近期非酒精性脂肪性肝炎研究进展与大家分享。

【1】Nature:非酒精性脂肪性肝炎有望找到新疗法

一个日美联合研究小组最新研究发现,阻碍一种特殊蛋白质的功能可改善非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和动脉硬化的症状。目前非酒精性脂肪性肝炎还没有有效的治疗药物,这一研究将有助于相关药物开发。

此前有研究发现,一种名为TTC39B的蛋白质大量存在于和脂类吸收和蓄积有关的脏器中,但其具体功能此前并不太清楚。日本大阪大学和美国哥伦比亚大学的一个研究小组发现,减少TTC39B蛋白质,就能够抑制机体吸收和蓄积有害的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,从而改善非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和动脉硬化的症状。

在动物实验中,这种蛋白质减少的实验鼠即便被喂食高脂、高胆固醇的饲料,体内有益的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇也会增加,有害的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇会减少,脂肪肝和动脉硬化症状会减轻,非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的发病率和死亡率都降低了。

相关研究成果已发表在英国《自然》杂志上。研究小组希望由此能研发出治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的药物。(文章详见--Nature:非酒精性脂肪性肝炎有望找到新疗法

【2】Cancer Cell:揭示触发非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和肝癌产生机制

在一项新的研究中,来自西班牙国家癌症研究中心(CNIO)的研究人员证实一种促炎分子IL-17A是这种疾病产生的一种关键性因子,并且指出阻断IL-17A或利用地高辛(digoxin, 一种抗心律失常试剂)等药物抑制分泌IL-17A的细胞可能能够用于阻止容易患上HCC的病人所患的NASH。

论文通信作者Nabil Djouder解释道,“脂肪堆积本身并不能够解释NASH的出现。相反,炎症决定着这种疾病的发展和结果,这是因为仅有10%~20%肥胖的脂肪肝病患者将最终患上NASH。”

Djouder和他的同事们观察到当前不能够医治的NASH是几次“打击”的结果,“第一步就是过量的营养物导致促进炎症的DNA损伤”。(文章详见--Cancer Cell:揭示触发非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和肝癌产生机制

【3】Gastroenterology:Elafibranor治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎

Elafibranor是过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-α (PPARA)和受体-δ (PPARD)的激动剂。Elafibranor可以改善胰岛素的敏感性、血糖平衡、脂质代谢,还能减少炎症反应。研究者进行了一项国际、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验,探究Elafibranor治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的安全性和有效性。

无肝硬化的NASH患者随机分为elafibranor 80mg组(n = 93)、elafibranor 120 mg组(n = 91)和安慰剂组(n = 92),在欧洲和美国进行长达52周的治疗。在这1年时间里,每2个月进行一次临床和实验室评价。对患者进行肝活检,3个月后评估患者情况。以该药物对NASH无纤维化恶化的缓解情况作为主要结局指标。

研究结果表明,基于改进定义,事后分析数据显示,中重度NASH患者持续1年使用elafibranor 120 mg/天,可解决NASH无纤维化恶化。此外Elafibranor具有良好的耐受性,可改善患者心血管风险。(文章详见--Gastroenterology:Elafibranor治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎

【4】睡眠呼吸暂停加重肥胖青少年非酒精性脂肪性肝病

根据肝病学杂志的一项新的报告称,研究人员已确定这些因素在促使儿童非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)进展为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎 (NASH)也有很大的影响。

研究人员在2009年6月至2014年1月期间研究了36名儿童非酒精性脂肪肝患者,以评估阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停及间歇性夜间缺氧诱导的氧化应激是否会促进儿童NAFLD的进展。与对照组相比,非酒精性脂肪肝患者转氨酶、炎症标志物明显升高。

研究人员发现与一般的NAFLD患者相比较为严重的患者会有更严重的睡眠障碍性呼吸和相当高的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数得分。出现阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)和间歇性夜间缺氧的患者的肝脏也往往纤维化严重。研究人员还发现系统和肝脏的氧化应激指数与用于评价OSA严重程度的指标之间有明显的相关性。

Sundaram说,这些数据显示睡眠障碍性呼吸是氧化应激的一个重要触发因素,可以促进儿童NAFLD发展为NASH。患有NAFLD的肥胖患者中出现OSA和间歇性夜间缺氧会使肝脏纤维化更严重,机体更容易在产生自由基和机体能够耐受有害影响间出现失衡。

【5】Sci Rep:为何苗条的人也会得脂肪肝?

发表于国际杂志Scientific Reports上的一项研究论文中,来自日本国立冈山大学的研究人员通过研究,在缺失PEMT酶的小鼠和低水平PEMT酶的患者机体中发现,抵御肥胖和胰岛素耐受性的机体保护作用或许会以脂肪肝发生作为代价。

非酒精性脂肪肝患者机体肝脏中PEMT的mRNA表达明显要低于单纯性脂肪肝疾病,同时研究者还揭示了PEMT和瘦弱的非酒精性脂肪肝患者机体的病理学表现直接相关。肝脏中脂肪的堆积会引发一系列疾病,包括单纯性脂肪肝和非酒精性脂肪肝,非酒精性脂肪肝病例的增加和个体肥胖及糖尿病发病上升直接相关。

最后研究者说道,基于DNA甲基化进行的全基因组测序分析揭示了两种和细胞周期蛋白D1以及负向调控相关的基因的甲基化水平的增强,相关的研究结果也可以说明细胞周期蛋白D1在肝脏那个疾病及PEMT敲除小鼠肿瘤发生重大关联,当然该研究为后期开发治疗非酒精性脂肪肝的新型疗法提供了新的思路和线索。(文章详见--Sci Rep:为何苗条的人也会得脂肪肝?

【6】维生素D缺乏可升高NAFLD进展为NASH的风险

根据发表于《美国胃肠病学杂志》的研究结果,维生素 D缺乏可升高非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者进展为非酒精性脂肪型肝炎(NASH)的风险。

研究从非酒精性脂肪性肝炎临床研究网络队列(NASH CRN)中纳入了190例经肝活检证实的NAFLD受试者,旨在测定血清维生素D缺乏与非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的组织学特点,以及相关的人口统计学、临床、实验室、以及转录组数据的关系。采用色谱串联质谱法测量了所用受试者的血清25-羟维生素D (25(OH)D)水平。调整年龄、性别、种族、身体质量指数、丙氨酸转氨酶和糖尿病状态后,采用多变量逻辑回归进行分析。

研究人员得出结论,成人NAFLD患者中普遍存在维生素D缺乏,其与明确的NASH诊断和肝组织学严重度增加相关。炎症通路的新关系的确定,表明了维生素D缺乏在NASH发病的机制,并支持改变饮食和/或改变生活方式以提高上述患者的维生素D水平。(文章详见--维生素D缺乏可升高NAFLD进展为NASH的风险

【7】Cell Reports:科学家发现NAFLD的诱因及治疗方法

治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD),目前除了改变生活方式和减重,尚没有有效或安全的治疗方法。近日,来自俄亥俄州辛辛那提儿童医院医学中心的研究人员发现,NAFLD小鼠模型和人类患者身上一种称为CDK4的蛋白水平升高。此外,使用药物阻断小鼠体内的该蛋白时,可显著减少肝脏脂肪变性的发展。该研究发表于《Cell Reports》杂志。(文章详见--Cell Reports:科学家发现NAFLD的诱因及治疗方法

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    2016-11-05 qjddjq
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    2016-09-09 papa1017

    希望能早点研究出“解药”、不论是TTC39B蛋白还是Elafibranor,对于我们这种不抽烟不喝酒低盐低糖低脂饮食还轻度脂肪肝的人、希望能得到“解药”、不论是促使身体自己合成TTC39B蛋白的方法也好~

    0

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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1676297, encodeId=783116e62978c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=397299e19c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非酒精性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99719, encryptionId=397299e19c7, topicName=非酒精性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d18c27357544, createdName=Tommy1958, createdTime=Tue Nov 01 00:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1956021, encodeId=18de19560217f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8a048435058' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脂肪性肝炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84350, encryptionId=8a048435058, topicName=脂肪性肝炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Jr8S1dfvNyP22t32IFDXJXnpd5AGlDibiajL5cl3pxj7OPCeAeibLhzOmZn5Q2Oicc6uKOCnxGNOggdLtI3hIW7huQ/132, createdBy=66e52500008, createdName=Tamikia, createdTime=Thu Feb 23 12:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1810025, encodeId=f38e181002573, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=70f484349b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脂肪性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84349, encryptionId=70f484349b5, topicName=脂肪性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c49e75, createdName=qjddjq, createdTime=Sat Nov 05 07:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1673268, encodeId=c0c316e32685c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=757b954e922' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酒精性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95479, encryptionId=757b954e922, topicName=酒精性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=398f26933958, createdName=huiwelcome, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 19:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=115207, encodeId=ccc711520e9a, content=希望能早点研究出“解药”、不论是TTC39B蛋白还是Elafibranor,对于我们这种不抽烟不喝酒低盐低糖低脂饮食还轻度脂肪肝的人、希望能得到“解药”、不论是促使身体自己合成TTC39B蛋白的方法也好~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib2cQVB0w6wKXccsNV04BWqcmLDThSL2m1PGnD8oHzicsmOGBHjfMnvtiaPpZicNK2sBX9OV43RWicjFzwfGC6e28Ttd/0, createdBy=e59f1946128, createdName=papa1017, createdTime=Fri Sep 09 15:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380542, encodeId=03391380542b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Fri Sep 02 11:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=108931, encodeId=e67710893136, content=学习起来, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151005/IMG5612955936CFA7964.jpg, createdBy=18621654109, createdName=Guoxj3234, createdTime=Thu Sep 01 13:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-01 Guoxj3234

    学习起来

    0

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近日,发表于Annals of Internal Medicine的一项随机对照试验表明,长期使用匹格列酮治疗同时伴有脂肪性肝病和糖尿病前期或2型糖尿病的患者来说是安全有效的。非酒精性脂肪性肝病是一个日益严重的全球性公共健康问题,是导致发达国家慢性肝病发生的最常见病因。其患病率随着肥胖和2型糖尿病的急剧增加而增加,据估计,超30%的美国成年人患有非酒精性脂肪性肝病。大部分患者患有单纯性脂肪变性以及