Science Advance:高脂肪、低碳水的生酮饮食可帮助戒酒,降低饮酒的“欲望”

2021-04-28 生物探索 生物探索

小酌怡情,大酌伤身

酒是人类生活中的主要饮品之一,“酒文化”也已经传承了上千年。但正所谓“小酌怡情,大酌伤身”,近年来,全球15岁以上人均酒精消费总量持续增长,酒精的不当使用现已成为一大公共卫生问题。目前,全球饮酒人数约23亿人,其中约2.37亿男性和4600万女性患酒精使用障碍(AUD)。AUD是一种慢性复发性脑部疾病,让人对酒产生强烈的欲望,并且很难控制酒精的摄入,死亡率占全球死亡人数的5%。

长期饮酒会增加大脑对乙酸和酮体的消耗,而以高脂肪、低碳水为特征的生酮饮食(KD)可通过分解肝脏中的脂肪来增加血浆和大脑中的酮体。

因此,美国酒精滥用和酒精中毒国家研究所和美国宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员共同探究了生酮饮食对于控制酒精摄入的影响,并在《Science Advance》上发表了题为“Ketogenic diet reduces alcohol withdrawal symptoms in humans and alcohol intake in rodents”的报告,提供了临床和临床前证据,证明了生酮饮食在AUD患者中可以减少药物使用需求和生理“渴望”,以及降低酒精依赖大鼠的酒精摄入。

研究人员首先在临床过程中比较了生酮饮食(KD:80%脂肪,15%蛋白质和5%碳水)和标准美式饮食(SA:35%脂肪,15%蛋白质和50%碳水)对酒精滥用障碍(AUD)住院患者使用苯二氮卓类药物(有镇静、抗焦虑作用)的影响,结果发现随着饮食习惯的改变,生酮饮食组的患者使用苯二氮卓类药物剂量少于美式饮食组,这说明生酮饮食可以降低苯二氮卓类药物的使用需求。

KD和SA饮食下,一周内使用苯二氮卓类药物情况

进一步利用功能核磁共振成像技术(fMRI)分析在不同饮食下患者对于酒精的“渴望”后,研究人员发现,在饮食习惯改变的第三周,KD组对于酒精的“渴望”明显低于SA组。背侧前扣带皮层(dACC)抑制控制,决策和奖励,因此在fMRI下观察dACC区域发现随着时间的变化,与美式饮食组相比,生酮饮食组dACC区域激活更高,且活化时间更长。

fMRI技术下的分析

在临床前试验中,研究人员测试了生酮饮食和低脂饮食习惯下大鼠的血糖和酮水平,结果发现生酮饮食下的大鼠具有较低的葡萄糖水平和较高的酮水平,而且生酮饮食大鼠的体重显着低于低脂饮食大鼠。

KD和低脂饮食习惯下大鼠的血糖和酮水平

研究人员进一步将以生酮饮食方式培养了2个月的大鼠和自由食用食物的大鼠暴露在酒精蒸汽中,持续7周,从而使大鼠产生酒精依赖性,结果发现自由食用食物的大鼠自主饮用酒精量显着高于KD饮食条件下的大鼠。这说明在酒精依赖的大鼠模型中,生酮饮食可以减少酒精摄入。

不同饮食习惯史大鼠酒精摄入量

总体而言,这项研究揭示了生酮饮食在戒酒和减少饮酒方面的有益作用,也为治疗AUD患者减少酒精摄入提供了以饮食为基础的治疗方法。

原始出处:

Leandro F. Vendruscolo,et al. Ketogenic diet reduces alcohol withdrawal symptoms in humans and alcohol intake in rodents. Science Advances 09 Apr 2021:Vol. 7, no. 15, eabf6780. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6780.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1694483, encodeId=cbf016944833f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e73610261912' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高脂肪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102619, encryptionId=e73610261912, topicName=高脂肪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=831a29654518, createdName=jinweidong, createdTime=Tue Oct 19 01:55:09 CST 2021, time=2021-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1000389, encodeId=638910003891e, content=饮酒,促进糖代谢,糖不足,促进脂肪与蛋白质代谢,进而产生代谢中间体酮体,高脂肪低碳水饮食能增进脂肪分解补充酮体。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d3815220226, createdName=1477ab07m21暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Jul 17 15:20:53 CST 2021, time=2021-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=961259, encodeId=371b9612595b, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Apr 28 17:13:55 CST 2021, time=2021-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376287, encodeId=934113e6287b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Mon Apr 26 01:55:09 CST 2021, time=2021-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1574667, encodeId=b8f515e46674b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b56102616bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高脂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102616, encryptionId=9b56102616bb, topicName=高脂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c3b716021149, createdName=pcw111, createdTime=Mon Apr 26 01:55:09 CST 2021, time=2021-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-07-17 1477ab07m21暂无昵称

    饮酒,促进糖代谢,糖不足,促进脂肪与蛋白质代谢,进而产生代谢中间体酮体,高脂肪低碳水饮食能增进脂肪分解补充酮体。

    0

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    2021-04-28 jyzxjiangqin

    好文章!

    0

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    2021-04-26 jichang
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    2021-04-26 pcw111

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导言:加州大学旧金山分校(UCSF)对一小部分志愿受试者的新研究表明,低碳水高脂肪的生酮饮食引起了公众的关注,它能减轻炎症、促进体重减轻和心脏健康,而且还对人类肠道中的微生物(统称为微生物组)产生了巨

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一直以来,科学家们都在尝试通过改变饮食方式帮助人们改善健康状况。其中,高脂、低碳水化合物和适当蛋白质的生酮饮食方式颇受大众追捧,不仅在减肥方面效果显着,而且早前已被证明能够有效治疗癫痫。

Clin Nutr: 生酮代谢疗法对乳腺癌患者的影响

主流营养推荐的膳食食谱是碳水化合物70%,蛋白质20%,脂肪10%的饮食方式,以碳水化合物为主要能量来源。