一文读懂丨胰岛素注射的注意事项

2016-09-13 鉴赏师 医学界内分泌频道

胰岛素注射技术是影响糖尿病治疗效果的重要因素,使用不当可能会导致无法挽回的事件发生,而目前的现状调查结果令人十分堪忧!来自42个国家、423个医疗中心的13289名患者(2014-2015年)的反馈数据显示:10%的患者从来没有得到正式的胰岛素注射用法说明;超过60%的患者,其初级保健提供者没有对胰岛素注射用法是否正确进行检查。鉴于这些情况,美国梅奥诊所于近日整合了近200名专家的反馈,制定了正式

胰岛素注射技术是影响糖尿病治疗效果的重要因素,使用不当可能会导致无法挽回的事件发生,而目前的现状调查结果令人十分堪忧!


来自42个国家、423个医疗中心的13289名患者(2014-2015年)的反馈数据显示:10%的患者从来没有得到正式的胰岛素注射用法说明;超过60%的患者,其初级保健提供者没有对胰岛素注射用法是否正确进行检查。


鉴于这些情况,美国梅奥诊所于近日整合了近200名专家的反馈,制定了正式的胰岛素注射建议。强调了选择最短的针头作为一线选择(安全、有效、疼痛小),以及注射部位轮换的重要性。小编整理了以下重要内容——


1、针头的使用


①无论儿童还是成人、无论年龄、性别、种族、BMI,均推荐使用长度4mm的针头(最短的胰岛素笔针)。


②肥胖患者可以考虑5mm的针头。


③4mm针头需垂直进针;≤6岁或很瘦的成年患者,需捏起皮肤形成皮褶后再垂直进针。


④≥6岁儿童、青少年、BMI 19-25成年患者使用长度6mm(最短的注射器针头)时,需捏起皮肤形成皮褶后再进针,或45°进针。


⑤不推荐<6岁儿童、BMI<19成年患者使用注射器针头,因为易导致肌肉注射,进而出现低血糖、增加急诊或其他事件发生率。


⑥针头应是一次性,避免重复使用。


⑦训练患者处理针头等锐器的方式,避免感染。


2、胰岛素注射笔


①确保胰岛素注射笔和胰岛素笔芯匹配。


②使用及更换笔芯后均应排尽笔芯内空气。


③完成注射后应立即卸下针头,套上外针帽后废弃,而不应留置在胰岛素笔上。


3、注射部位


①注射部位干净,操作手干净。


②注射部位轮换。


③每次注射点应与上次注射点至少相距1cm。


④避免在脂肪肥大、炎症、水肿、溃疡或感染部位注射。


⑤避免肌肉注射。


4、其他注意事项


①使用混悬胰岛素之前,应水平滚动和上下翻动各10次,使瓶内药液充分混匀,直至胰岛素转变成均匀的云雾状白色液体。


②注射时偶尔碰到血管或毛细血管床,导致局部淤伤或出血,通常情况下,予以压迫止血5-10秒后即可停止出血。


③用拇指、食指或中指提起皮肤;如果用整只手捏皮肤,有可能将肌肉及皮下组织一同捏起,导致肌肉注射;提捏力度应轻柔。


④对于孕妇,在行胎儿超声检查时,需评估母体脂肪模式,识别注射安全带;推荐使用4mm针头。


⑤对患者进行治疗教育,探讨胰岛素注射疼痛和焦虑等问题;使用口头和书面形式指导患者正确使用胰岛素,并确保患者充分了解;最好每年随访至少一次。


参考文献:

1.Study Leads to Insulin Injection Recommendations.Medscape.September 02, 2016;

2.New Insulin Delivery Recommendations.Anders H. Frid et al.Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Volume 91, Issue 9, Pages 1231-1255;

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    2016-10-09 baoya
  3. 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  4. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 08:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-22 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好,非常有益

    0

  5. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 08:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-16 lhl629

    学习学习。。

    0

  6. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 08:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-15 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

  7. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 18:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=128105, encodeId=2e6512810518, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 18:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=128081, encodeId=e6bd12808130, content=学习了,赞一个!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=ebe61630855, createdName=1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 17:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127395, encodeId=83b112e3959a, content=好好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 10:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127234, encodeId=a71c12e23446, content=注射规范了才能更好地控制血糖, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 08:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-15 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906709, encodeId=8a821906e09da, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6440650062f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注意事项#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65006, encryptionId=6440650062f, topicName=注意事项)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6ac207, createdName=xlwang2691, createdTime=Mon Apr 03 04:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749645, encodeId=94d31e4964557, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 18:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=128105, encodeId=2e6512810518, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 18:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=128081, encodeId=e6bd12808130, content=学习了,赞一个!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=ebe61630855, createdName=1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 17:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127395, encodeId=83b112e3959a, content=好好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 10:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127234, encodeId=a71c12e23446, content=注射规范了才能更好地控制血糖, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 08:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-15 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    学习了,赞一个!!!

    0

  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906709, encodeId=8a821906e09da, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6440650062f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注意事项#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65006, encryptionId=6440650062f, topicName=注意事项)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6ac207, createdName=xlwang2691, createdTime=Mon Apr 03 04:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749645, encodeId=94d31e4964557, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, 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likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=ebe61630855, createdName=1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 17:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127395, encodeId=83b112e3959a, content=好好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 10:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127234, encodeId=a71c12e23446, content=注射规范了才能更好地控制血糖, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 08:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-15 忠诚向上

    好好好学习

    0

  10. 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    2016-09-15 舒心和人

    注射规范了才能更好地控制血糖

    0

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