Gilbert综合征2例

2018-03-18 佚名 实用肝脏病杂志

女,36岁。因“反复眼黄、尿黄、皮肤黄36年”于2016年6月15日入院。

例1

【一般资料】

女,36岁。

【主诉】

因“反复眼黄、尿黄、皮肤黄36年”于2016年6月15日入院。

【现病史】

缘于出生后即被发现眼黄、皮肤黄,尿黄,饮食等日常生活如常,无皮肤瘙痒。生长发育正常,尿黄因过度劳累或熬夜后加重,经休息后缓解。多次在多家医院就诊,检查提示总胆红素(TBIL)波动于120~150μmol/L,谷丙转氨酶(ALT)正常,未明确诊断,常规治疗无好转。10年前,妊娠时血清TBIL升高至250μmol/L,分娩后恢复至以前水平。

【家族史】

患者亲属中无类似症状者。

【体格检查】

巩膜、皮肤中度黄染,未见肝掌、蜘蛛痣,腹平坦、肝脾未触及,肝区无叩痛。

【辅助检查】

化验:TBIL153.9μmol/L,IBIL67.0μmol/L,血清HBsAg、HBVDNA、抗-HCV、HCVRNA、抗-HIV、抗HAV-IgM、抗HEV-IgM、抗CMV-IgM、抗EBV-IgM、常见自身抗体均阴性。骨髓穿刺检查、血常规、尿常规、血清甲胎蛋白、凝血功能和其他生化指标均无明显异常。上腹部CT检查无明显异常。肝穿刺活组织检查标本送广州金域医学检验中心病理科检查,发现肝小叶结构存在,部分汇管区轻微扩大,未见炎性细胞浸润。区域性毛细胆管轻度扩张,淤胆性色素颗粒有围绕毛细胆管现象(图1~3),将外周血送往北京宏微特斯生物科技有限公司行基因检测,发现患者尿苷葡萄糖醛酸转移酶基因突变点位于启动子上游PBREM-3263(-3279)以编码区外显子EX0N1上的GGAAGAGly71Arg,最终确诊为Gilbert综合征。







例2

【一般资料】

男,30岁。

【主诉】

因“眼黄、尿黄、皮肤黄7年”于2016年5月30日就诊我院。

【现病史】

缘于2009年春无明显诱因下出现眼黄、尿黄、皮肤黄,血清TBIL最高时达75.0μmol/L,尿黄可因过度劳累、饮酒或熬夜后加深,经休息后减轻。就诊我院时TBIL64.3μmol/L,IBIL45.2μmol/L,MRCP、腹部彩超提示:脾肿大(厚约62mm),其他发病情况类似例1。

【家族史】

患者为独子,父母及其他亲属无类似情况。

【辅助检查】

肝穿刺组织病理学检查发现肝小叶结构存在,未见炎性反应,中央静脉周围肝细胞内少量淤胆性色素颗粒,普鲁士蓝染色可见Kupffer细胞内少许铁颗粒,肝细胞内可见多少不一的淤胆性色素颗粒,区域性毛细胆管扩张(图4~7)。基因检测发现患者基因突变点位于启动子上游PBREM-3263。最终确诊为Gilbert综合征。









【讨论】

Gilbert综合征于1901年由法国学者Gilbert和Lereboulle首次报道,以慢性、间歇性、轻度高非结合型胆红素升高为特征,无明显溶血依据和其他肝脏疾病表现。本病在西方国家很常见,据称发病率达2%~19%。我国尚缺乏大数据统计资料,但从临床实践看,本病在我国并不少见。本病多于15~30岁发病,也有自小或成年期发病,男性多见,男女比例为4:1,多有家族史。本病起病隐匿,多无明显症状,常因眼黄或体检意外发现胆红素升高,少数患者可能有轻度乏力、纳差或肝区不适,其程度与黄疸深度无关,可能为焦虑等精神因素所致。剧烈运动、劳累、饥饿、创伤、感染,或者妊娠可能为诱因导致黄疸加重,除黄疸外,无其他阳性体征。Gilbert综合征肝组织病变轻微,肝小叶结构基本保存,肝板排列整齐。汇管区及小叶内少见炎症细胞浸润,汇管区少见扩大及纤维化,中央静脉周围肝细胞内可见较细的棕褐色色素颗粒沉积。电镜下,可见肝细胞肿胀,内质网明显扩张,线粒体肿胀、增大。肝细胞内可见多少不一的淤胆性色素颗粒,区域性毛细胆管扩张,淤胆性颗粒多分布在毛细胆管周围。肝窦内皮细胞肿胀,偶见星状细胞。区域性Disse间隙有少量束状胶原纤维沉积。本文2例患者肝组织病理学表现符合以上特征。Gilbert综合征是一个遗传性疾病,遗传方式为常染色体隐性遗传和常染色体显性遗传(不完全外显)。本病的发病原因是位于染色体2q37位点的胆红素尿苷葡萄糖醛酸转移酶基因(UTG1A1基因)发生缺陷,导致B-UGT表达下降。Gilbert综合征预后良好,不影响生活和工作,对寿命亦无影响,多无需治疗。本病早期诊断更有意义,可避免被误诊为肝细胞性黄疸、梗阻性黄疸或溶血性黄疸等,有些患者甚至辗转多家医院治疗,增加患者经济及心理负担。应给患者进行健康教育,消除心理障碍,注意避免可能的诱因,加重病情。

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    2020-11-22 苏小雨

    n学习了谢谢谢谢

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    2018-03-21 changjiu

    学习一下谢谢

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    2018-03-19 雅文博武

    学习了很多先进的医学知识

    0

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    2018-03-18 changjiu

    学习一下谢谢

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