Cell Metab:苗条也有风险!腿部脂肪含量太低,心血管疾病和死亡风险增加214%:科学大发现

2017-08-10 朱爽爽 奇点网

最新的研究显示,大腿细很有可能是种病。近日,由德国蒂宾根大学附属医院内科系以及慕尼黑亥姆霍兹糖尿病和代谢性疾病研究所(IDM)、德国糖尿病研究中心(DZD)的研究人员合作,共同完成的一项研究表明,在BMI指数正常的人群中,有20%左右的人表现为代谢不正常,他们的临床表现就是大腿脂肪含量较少,腿较细。2013年的研究表明这类人的全因死亡率以及心血管疾病风险是BMI和代谢正常人的3倍。这一发现发表在《

对于许多女性来说,纤细的大长腿是好身材的标配。因此,大多数女性会因为自己的大腿粗而感到沮丧。其实,完全没有必要这样。

最新的研究显示,大腿细很有可能是种病。近日,由德国蒂宾根大学附属医院内科系以及慕尼黑亥姆霍兹糖尿病和代谢性疾病研究所(IDM)、德国糖尿病研究中心(DZD)的研究人员合作,共同完成的一项研究表明,在BMI指数正常的人群中,有20%左右的人表现为代谢不正常,他们的临床表现就是大腿脂肪含量较少,腿较细。2013年的研究表明这类人的全因死亡率以及心血管疾病风险是BMI和代谢正常人的3倍。这一发现发表在《细胞代谢》杂志上(1)。


本文通讯作者Hans-Ulrich Haring教授

代谢综合征是指人体的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物等物质发生代谢紊乱引起的病理状态,是导致糖尿病以及心脑血管疾病的重大危险因素。临床表现为,高血糖,高血脂,高血压,高胰岛素血症或者胰岛素抵抗,慢性炎症等等。而代谢不正常常往往出现在代谢综合征之前,表现出其中两个或两个以上症状(2)。



代谢综合征的临床症状

代谢综合征的病理基础是与脂质代谢障碍相关的肥胖所造成的胰岛素抵抗。也就是说,肥胖人群易出现代谢不正常或者代谢综合征,因此心血管疾病风险较高。这也符合大规模调查研究的结果,即BMI在20.0-25.0 kg/m2的人群,死亡风险以及心血管事件的风险是最低的,此后,随着BMI的升高,心血管疾病风险也逐渐升高(3)。但是,这是否意味着BMI在正常范围内的所有人心血管疾病以及死亡的风险一定低呢?

答案显然是否定的。之前的研究表明,代谢不正常不仅出现在肥胖人群,一部分BMI正常的人群也会出现。同时,人们还发现,与代谢正常BMI正常的人相比,代谢正常的肥胖人群,其全因死亡率以及心血管疾病风险只增加24%左右,而对于代谢不正常BMI正常的人群,其全因死亡率以及心血管疾病风险则增加214%(4)。

但是,BMI正常的与肥胖的代谢不正常人群之间的临床症状是否有区别?导致它们代谢不正常的分子机制是否相同?此前,还没有学者进行系统的研究过。

为此,研究人员首先筛选了一系列与代谢不正常相关的临床症状,包括脂肪肝,内脏肥胖,腹部脂肪与全身脂肪含量比值过高,腿部脂肪与全身脂肪含量比值过低,胰岛素抵抗,胰岛素分泌不足,心肺适应性降低以及颈动脉内膜肥厚。



随后,研究人员招募并筛选出了981名受试者,并按BMI值分为正常体重,超重,肥胖三组。然后采用一系列的检测手段,例如全身核磁检查等,系统的检测受试者的上述8种临床症状在不同BMI人群的分布。

结果发现,男性和女性的代谢不正常的临床表现并没有差别。同时,相对于BMI正常代谢正常人群,在BMI正常代谢不正常的人群中,最常出现的临床症状是胰岛素分泌不足,其次胰岛素抵抗,脂肪肝,内脏肥胖以及颈动脉内膜肥厚等也常出现。有趣的是,与代谢不正常的肥胖人群相比,BMI正常的代谢不正常人群中,腿部脂肪含量较低非常常见。而在代谢不正常的肥胖人群中,主要是脂肪肝以及内脏肥胖人群比例显着上升。也就是说,二者的临床症状表现是有差别的。

腿部脂肪含量与他BMI正常人群的代谢健康密切相关



既然,二者的临床症状表现是有区别的,那么导致它们代谢不正常的分子机制可能也是不同的。

之前的研究表明,与代谢不正常以及心血管疾病相关的一个重要因素就是脂肪合成受损,导致的“脂肪溢出”以及脂肪异位沉积,特别是下半身的脂肪合成受损(5)。因为与腹部相比,下半身的脂肪细胞含量更高。同时,之前的研究也发现,下半身的脂肪含量减少与代谢综合征密切相关(6)。

结合之前的研究,研究人员发现,对于BMI正常的患者来说,代谢不正常是由于下半身脂肪合成减少,引起脂肪异位沉积导致的。并且确定了与之相关的10个突变基因(IRS1, GRB14, ARL15, PPARG, PEPD, ANKRD55/MAP3K1, PDGFC, LYPLAL1, RSPO3以及 FAM13A1)。而对于肥胖患者来说,代谢不正常主要是由于FTO, MC4R以及TMEM18等基因突变引起的脂肪合成增加导致的。

BMI正常以及肥胖的代谢不正常人群的临床表现以及相关基因

所以,对于BMI正常代谢不正常的患者来说,在纠正代谢不正常的同时,还能促进脂肪细胞的分化的药物,例如,噻唑烷二酮类(胰岛素增敏剂),或许是最好的选择。而对于代谢不正常的肥胖人群来说,胰高血糖素样肽-1也是最佳的选择,因为它在纠正代谢不正常的同时也会减少患者的脂肪含量。

总的来说,研究人员发现,对于代谢不正常的BMI正常以及肥胖人群,他们不仅临床表现不同,代谢不正常发生的机制也是不同的。特别的,下半身脂肪含量低,是区分BMI正常的代谢不正常患者最显着的临床症状。也就是说,BMI正常的人不一定健康,特别是大腿细的人更需要检查代谢状况。此外,研究人员也表明,对于BMI不同的代谢不正常人群,提供个性化的预防和治疗建议也很有必要。

原始出处:

1.Stefan N, Schick F, Haring H U. Causes, Characteristics, and Consequences of Metabolically Unhealthy Normal Weight in Humans[J]. Cell Metabolism, 2017, 26(2): 292-300.

2. Karelis, A.D., and Rabasa-Lhoret, R. (2008). Inclusion of C-reactive protein in the identification of metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) individuals. Diabetes Metab. 34, 183–184.

3. Global BMI Mortality Collaboration. Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents[J]. The Lancet, 2016, 388(10046): 776-786.

4. Kramer, C.K., Zinman, B., and Retnakaran, R. (2013). Are metabolically healthy overweight and obesity benign conditions?: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 159, 758–769.

5. Stern, J.H., Rutkowski, J.M., and Scherer, P.E. (2016). Adiponectin, Leptin, and Fatty Acids in the Maintenance of Metabolic Homeostasis through Adipose Tissue Crosstalk. Cell Metab. 23, 770–784.

6. Pinnick, K.E., Neville, M.J., Fielding, B.A., Frayn, K.N., Karpe, F., and Hodson, L. (2012). Gluteofemoral adipose tissue plays a major role in production of the lipokine palmitoleate in humans. Diabetes 61, 1399–1403.

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    2017-09-21 一闲
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    2017-08-27 guojianrong
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    2018-03-27 维他命
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