The Oncologist:蒽环类药物诱导心脏毒性的现代治疗

2017-03-15 月下荷花 肿瘤资讯

蒽环类药物(AC)尽管可导致心脏毒性(AIC),但它在淋巴瘤治疗中的地位不可撼动。意大利OLIVIERI教授在The Oncologist杂志发表文章,研究认为脂质体AC在保证疗效同时能减少心脏毒性,通过有效检查能早期发现心脏损害,多手段联合可降低淋巴瘤治疗中的AIC,预防左心射血分数(LVEF)恶化。虽然AIC发现已久,但其在淋巴瘤中的发生率并不清楚,这是因为:AIC的大部分数据源于实体瘤,

蒽环类药物(AC)尽管可导致心脏毒性(AIC),但它在淋巴瘤治疗中的地位不可撼动。意大利OLIVIERI教授在The Oncologist杂志发表文章,研究认为脂质体AC在保证疗效同时能减少心脏毒性,通过有效检查能早期发现心脏损害,多手段联合可降低淋巴瘤治疗中的AIC,预防左心射血分数(LVEF)恶化。

虽然AIC发现已久,但其在淋巴瘤中的发生率并不清楚,这是因为:AIC的大部分数据源于实体瘤,淋巴瘤治疗后AIC的确切发生率不清,不过老龄和AC累积剂量是明确风险因素;心脏超声因其易行性而广泛用于评估AIC,其敏感性直接影响了AIC的流行率。

虽然有关淋巴瘤的AIC基础数据并不十分清楚,但已采用一些方法在保证疗效基础上减少AIC,包括限制AC累积剂量;周疗或是连续静脉输注,不过门诊患者使用不便;右丙亚胺虽能减少AIC,但有报道降低抗肿瘤疗效并导致第二肿瘤;非聚乙二醇脂质体阿霉素在乳腺癌治疗中能降低AIC,同时疗效不变,这些数据促使将其用于淋巴瘤治疗。

心功能不全治疗的主要进展是识别和经验性治疗亚临床心脏损害以预防心功能进一步恶化导致有症状的心功能不全,AIC也可在出现临床表现前检测到,特别是动态监测TnI可早期发现AIC风险,这样有充分时间干预中止甚至逆转心脏损害。

这是一项前瞻性观察性研究,采用心脏超声和肌钙蛋白I(TnI)早期检查心脏毒性;心脏毒性发生风险较高患者预先采用非聚乙二醇脂质体阿霉素(NPLD)代替普通阿霉素(DOX)。通过传统和新的监测方法联合确定淋巴瘤患者心脏毒性发生率,对检测到的亚临床心脏毒性给予心脏保护治疗。

研究共纳入99例淋巴瘤患者,均≥1周期化疗,NPLD组39例,DOX组50例,NPLD组患者具有更多心血管风险因素和并发症。治疗后NPLD组心脏超声参数未继续恶化,DOX组2例发生LVEF降低。治疗中DOX组TnI呈线性增高,NPLD组则中度增高,当DOX>200 mg/m2时具有统计学差异。NPLD组患者无3-4级毒性,二组弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)患者的完全缓解率和总缓解率相似。

研究主要是早期检测DOX和NPLD治疗时的AIC,预先规定高风险因素者采用NPLD治疗。结束治疗1年后所有患者的LVEF降低无统计学差异(DOX组有2例LVEF降低),组织多普勒显像(TDI)和整体应变率(GSR)化疗后轻度减弱,随AC累积量增加TnI增加多见;二组基线LVEF和TDI无差异,NPLD组GSR更差,但化疗后NPLD组GSR较DOX组减弱不明显,这一趋势在TnI评估中更明显:DOX组基线TnI增高并不多,随治疗累积呈对数增加,而NPLD组基线TnI增高很多,治疗后增加有限。

化疗在淋巴瘤治疗中仍有重要作用,尤其是DLBCL,AC仍是一线地位,新药都是以CHOP方案为基础。癌症治疗的改善带来新问题:某些淋巴瘤治疗相关死亡已超过了疾病导致死亡,所以对化疗进行革新,在保证疗效基础上减少治疗次数。个体化治疗时代,不应只是单纯减低药物剂量来减低毒性,需要新的治疗策略,而40年来AIC的临床诊疗模式几无改变。

这项研究利用新技术、药物和临床进展构建联合策略以预防、检查和治疗AIC。化疗中常规监测TnI可以更早检测到心脏毒性,明显早于LVEF减低,TnI增高者应给予ACE抑制剂(依那普利)保护心脏治疗,预防LVEF恶化和其它心脏事件。最近ESMO也推荐AC治疗中监测TnI,预防化疗诱导的心脏毒性。先进的超声技术也可更早发现心室功能受损的亚临床征象,不过正在研究中。

脂质体配方为改善AC副作用提供了可能,不过它在淋巴瘤治疗的应用还在探索中,意大利现已将NPLD用于老年NHL或具有心脏并发症的患者,至今无研究直接比较DOC和NPLD治疗淋巴瘤。

该研究是首个前瞻性比较DOC和NPLD治疗淋巴瘤的研究,因是非随机研究,故心脏风险因素和并发症的基线分布并不平衡:NPLD组年龄更大,风险因素高于DOX组,这实际上更有利于观察NPLD是否可以减少治疗毒性。研究未观察到NPLD心脏毒性增加,而DOX组GSR较NPLD组受损更明显,更说明NPLD能降低心脏亚临床损害,TnI在DOX组对数增高,而NPLD组却无此表现,这一结果与其它研究一致。

ACE抑制剂或倍他受体阻滞剂的心脏保护作用是另一种减少高危患者AIC的策略:该研究中规定在发现亚临床AIC后开始心脏保护治疗,不过NPLD组患者因基线改变在研究开始时就已行肾素-血管紧张素(RAS)或倍他受体阻滞剂治疗,提示心血管疾病的有效治疗可预防AIC,对心脏有保护作用。Bosch研究也证实采用依那普利和卡维地洛一线预防能减少化疗诱导的LVEF恶化。因此这一治疗很有前景,值得探索。

由于纳入患者的异质性,对NPLD和DOX的有效性比较有限,但DLBCL患者DOX和NPLD治疗的CR率相似,尽管NPLD组患者的IPI评分更高。NPLD组患者OS倾向于减少,主要是由于早期治疗相关死亡所致。其它治疗策略如前期治疗或根据患者情况调整药量可以与NPLD治疗联合以进一步减少心脏毒性。

总之这项研究提示先进的检查手段,及时发现无症状心脏损害并干预,采用NPLD治疗淋巴瘤,这些手段综合使用可以降低AIC。

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beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161026/IMG58107C0F82E499574.jpg, createdBy=00e81970035, createdName=1e15b6fem30(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Mar 15 23:36:05 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180166, encodeId=1ae618016652, content=看不到, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170301/IMG58B6DFE015AA33369.jpg, createdBy=412c1954127, createdName=胖爷不怕冷, createdTime=Wed Mar 15 23:33:36 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180145, encodeId=374418014574, content=马, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d4dd2037265, createdName=1391e8e1e6m, createdTime=Wed Mar 15 22:40:43 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-17 july_977
  4. 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  5. 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beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161026/IMG58107C0F82E499574.jpg, createdBy=00e81970035, createdName=1e15b6fem30(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Mar 15 23:36:05 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180166, encodeId=1ae618016652, content=看不到, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170301/IMG58B6DFE015AA33369.jpg, createdBy=412c1954127, createdName=胖爷不怕冷, createdTime=Wed Mar 15 23:33:36 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180145, encodeId=374418014574, content=马, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d4dd2037265, createdName=1391e8e1e6m, createdTime=Wed Mar 15 22:40:43 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-16 ylzr123

    认真学习,把间接经验应用到临床实践中去,然后再总结出新思路。

    0

  6. 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beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161026/IMG58107C0F82E499574.jpg, createdBy=00e81970035, createdName=1e15b6fem30(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Mar 15 23:36:05 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180166, encodeId=1ae618016652, content=看不到, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170301/IMG58B6DFE015AA33369.jpg, createdBy=412c1954127, createdName=胖爷不怕冷, createdTime=Wed Mar 15 23:33:36 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180145, encodeId=374418014574, content=马, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d4dd2037265, createdName=1391e8e1e6m, createdTime=Wed Mar 15 22:40:43 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-16 lixh1719

    这是个很头痛的问题

    0

  7. 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likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Thu Mar 16 09:46:14 CST 2017, time=2017-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180204, encodeId=7f9518020408, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Thu Mar 16 05:20:16 CST 2017, time=2017-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180169, encodeId=57f3180169bd, content=很好的学习资料,谢谢了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161026/IMG58107C0F82E499574.jpg, createdBy=00e81970035, createdName=1e15b6fem30(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Mar 15 23:36:05 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180166, encodeId=1ae618016652, content=看不到, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170301/IMG58B6DFE015AA33369.jpg, createdBy=412c1954127, createdName=胖爷不怕冷, createdTime=Wed Mar 15 23:33:36 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180145, encodeId=374418014574, content=马, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d4dd2037265, createdName=1391e8e1e6m, createdTime=Wed Mar 15 22:40:43 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-16 刘煜

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

  8. 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beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161026/IMG58107C0F82E499574.jpg, createdBy=00e81970035, createdName=1e15b6fem30(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Mar 15 23:36:05 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180166, encodeId=1ae618016652, content=看不到, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170301/IMG58B6DFE015AA33369.jpg, createdBy=412c1954127, createdName=胖爷不怕冷, createdTime=Wed Mar 15 23:33:36 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180145, encodeId=374418014574, content=马, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d4dd2037265, createdName=1391e8e1e6m, createdTime=Wed Mar 15 22:40:43 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-15 1e15b6fem30(暂无匿称)

    很好的学习资料,谢谢了。

    0

  9. 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beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161026/IMG58107C0F82E499574.jpg, createdBy=00e81970035, createdName=1e15b6fem30(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Mar 15 23:36:05 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180166, encodeId=1ae618016652, content=看不到, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170301/IMG58B6DFE015AA33369.jpg, createdBy=412c1954127, createdName=胖爷不怕冷, createdTime=Wed Mar 15 23:33:36 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180145, encodeId=374418014574, content=马, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d4dd2037265, createdName=1391e8e1e6m, createdTime=Wed Mar 15 22:40:43 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-15 胖爷不怕冷

    看不到

    0

  10. 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    2017-03-15 1391e8e1e6m

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