非心脏手术患者的高血压治疗 无需β受体阻滞剂?

2015-10-15 小田 译 医学论坛网

无高血压并发症的非心脏手术患者长期使用β受体阻滞剂相关严重不良心血管事件风险如何?近期发表于《美国医学会杂志•内科学》(JAMA Intern Med)的一项回顾性分析研究对上述问题进行了解答。 研究者们对丹麦无并发症高血压队列患者的入院和出院药物使用记录进行了分析,这些患者至少接受两种抗高血压药物治疗(β受体阻滞剂、利尿剂、钙离子拮抗剂或肾素-血管紧张素阻断剂),并于2005年至2011年

无高血压并发症的非心脏手术患者长期使用β受体阻滞剂相关严重不良心血管事件风险如何?近期发表于《美国医学会杂志•内科学》(JAMA Intern Med)的一项回顾性分析研究对上述问题进行了解答。

研究者们对丹麦无并发症高血压队列患者的入院和出院药物使用记录进行了分析,这些患者至少接受两种抗高血压药物治疗(β受体阻滞剂、利尿剂、钙离子拮抗剂或肾素-血管紧张素阻断剂),并于2005年至2011年间接受了非心脏手术。以术前120天间至少接受一份处方治疗定义为明确药物使用。主要转归为术后30天内(包括手术当天)严重不良心血管事件(MACE)和全因死亡率。对四项研究药物的八个可能组合进行了评价,以RAS抑制剂和噻嗪类指定为参考类别治疗的患者。

结果显示,共纳入了55320例接受非心脏手术的高血压患者,其中接受β受体阻滞剂治疗的患者共14644例。β受体阻滞剂治疗组30天MACE和死亡发生率分别为1.32%和1.93%,而其他药物治疗组的上述发生率分别为0.84%和1.32%(P均< 0.001)。

在两种药物联合应用方案中,与RAS阻滞剂联合噻嗪类药物相比,含β受体阻滞剂的联合应用与患者MACE风险增加有关,与RAS阻断剂、钙拮抗剂和利尿剂联用的比值比(OR)分别为2.16、2.17和1.56。伤害数(NNH)在至少70岁、男性和接受急诊手术的患者中尤其明显。

该研究结果表明,与其他类别抗高血压药物相比,含有β受体阻滞剂的两种降压药物联合治疗方案可在统计学上显著增加非心脏手术患者30天内的MACE和死亡率。这与当前指南推荐的不尽相同。这提示临床医生应对适宜患者和在适宜情况下使用围术期β首体阻滞剂。

原文出处:

Jørgensen ME, Hlatky MA, Køber L, et al.β-Blocker-Associated Risks in Patients With Uncomplicated Hypertension Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery.JAMA Intern Med.Oct 05,2015

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