Circulation:复杂性室性心律失常导管消融可改善患者长期预后

2013-04-09 Circulation 丁香园

图注:根据导管消融术后结果分组的患者心源性死亡和心脏猝死Kaplan-Meier曲线(经VT类型、EF、心功能、年龄、心肌病、慢性肾病、房颤等因素校正)。作者将VT的类型分为阵发性室速(paroxysmal  VT)、无休止室速(incessant VT)、电风暴(ES,24小时内发作≥3次,发作间隔>5分钟)。然后按照室速类型、VT耐受情况、严重合并症(左前降支慢性闭塞,慢性肾脏病,肌

图注:根据导管消融术后结果分组的患者心源性死亡和心脏猝死Kaplan-Meier曲线(经VT类型、EF、心功能、年龄、心肌病、慢性肾病、房颤等因素校正)。作者将VT的类型分为阵发性室速(paroxysmal  VT)、无休止室速(incessant VT)、电风暴(ES,24小时内发作≥3次,发作间隔>5分钟)。然后按照室速类型、VT耐受情况、严重合并症(左前降支慢性闭塞,慢性肾脏病,肌酐≥1.5mg/dl)、较轻合并症(LVEF≤30%和严重肺部疾病,表现为Pco2 >50 mm Hg)进行危险分层,分为高危和低危患者。A代表所有患者。B代表低危患者。C代表高危患者。在低危患者中,术后无VT诱发的患者预后明显优于术后诱发出VT的患者(为校正的log-rank检验,P=0.031)。
ICD可降低结构性心脏病患者室速(VT)猝死风险,然而ICD并不能防止室速的复发及电风暴发作(electrical storm ,ES),而后者往往给患者带来生命危险。因此,需要一种有效的治疗策略来对这些复发性室性心律失常患者进行管理。导管消融(Catheter ablation ,CA))在药物无效的室速、反复ICD放电、ES治疗、降低VT发生率和提高升高质量上有重要的作用。然而对于室速导管消融的效果目前仍有争议,VTACH研究(Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation in Coronary Heart Disease)发现缺血性心脏病患者在ICD植入前行消融治疗并无生存获益;而SMASH VT试验(Substrate Mapping and Ablation in Sinus Rhythm to Halt Ventricular Tachycardia)则发现尽管未达到统计学意义,消融组的患者死亡率有降低趋势。针对上述情况,来自意大利的心律失常和电生理专家Bella博士等研究人员建立了一个多学科模型,在专门的机构下观察导管消融对结构性心脏病患者室速复发、住院率和生存的影响。
研究人员自2007年1月起开始实行这一多学科模型来全面管理VT患者。研究用程序性心室刺激评价急性成果。主要的终点事件是VT复发、心源性死亡或心脏猝死。总共528例患者接受消融治疗(634次手术;每个患者1-4次不等)。482例患者在术后进行程序性心室刺激,371例患者(77%)为A类结果(未诱发出任何VT),B类结果占12.4%(诱发出非记录到的VT-即非临床VT),C类结果患者有10.6%(诱发出任何记录到的VT)。平均随访26个月后,在472例患者中有164例复发(34.1%)。其中,VT复发患者分别占A、B、C类结果患者人数的28.6%,39.6%和66.7%(log-rank检验,P<0.001)。A类结果患者心源性死亡率低于B类和C类患者(8.4% 比18.5% 比22%, log-rank检验 P=0.002)。多因素分析结果显示,术后诱发出记录到的室速与VT复发(危险比,4.030;P<0.001)和心源性死亡的独立相关(危险比, 2.099; P=0.04)。
作者最后总结认为在一个专门的VT治疗机构(VT unit)内,导管消融可防止VT再发,且可改善患者生存预后。因此这对有严重心脏疾病及合并症的患者来说,导管消融治疗是一个选择。

 心律失常相关的拓展阅读:

 

Management of Ventricular Tachycardia in the Setting of a Dedicated Unit for the Treatment of Complex Ventricular Arrhythmias
Long-Term Outcome After Ablation
Background
We investigated the impact of catheter ablation on ventricular tachycardia (VT) recurrence and survival in a large number of patients with structural heart disease treated in the setting of a dedicated multiskilled unit.
Methods and Results
Since January 2007, we have implemented a multidisciplinary model, aiming for a comprehensive management of VT patients. Programmed ventricular stimulation was used to assess acute outcome. Primary end points were VT recurrence and the occurrence of cardiac and sudden cardiac death. Overall, 528 patients were treated by ablation (634 procedures; 1–4 procedures per patient). Among 482 tested with programmed ventricular stimulation after the last procedure, a class A result (noninducibility of any VT) was obtained in 371 patients (77%), class B (inducibility of nondocumented VT) in 12.4%, and class C (inducibility of index VT) in 10.6%. After a median follow-up time of 26 months, VT recurred in 164 (34.1%) of 472 patients. VT recurrence was documented in 28.6% of patients with a class A result versus 39.6% of patients with class B and 66.7% with class C result (log-rank P<0.001). The incidence of cardiac mortality was lower in class A patients than in those with class B and class C (8.4% versus 18.5% versus 22%, respectively; log-rank P=0.002). On the basis of multivariate analysis, postprocedural inducibility of index VT was independently associated both with VT recurrence (hazard ratio, 4.030; P<0.001) and with cardiac mortality (hazard ratio, 2.099; P=0.04).
Conclusions
Within a dedicated VT unit, catheter ablation prevents long-term VT recurrences, which may favorably affect survival in a large number of patients who have VT.

 

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