Nat Neurosci:一个与瘙痒相关的伤害感受器细胞亚群

2013-01-06 Nat Neuro 互联网 何嫱

数十年来,研究人员一直在设法寻找瘙痒特异性神经细胞。近日来自约翰霍普金斯大学的研究人员发现了一个与瘙痒相关的伤害感受器细胞亚群,从而为研究瘙痒及开发止痒治疗开辟了新途径,相关论文发表在12月23日的《自然神经科学》(Nature Neuroscience)杂志上。 领导这一研究的是约翰霍普金斯医学院的董欣中(Xinzhong Dong)博士,董博士早年毕业于武汉大学,后于美国加州大学洛杉矶分校获


数十年来,研究人员一直在设法寻找瘙痒特异性神经细胞。近日来自约翰霍普金斯大学的研究人员发现了一个与瘙痒相关的伤害感受器细胞亚群,从而为研究瘙痒及开发止痒治疗开辟了新途径,相关论文发表在12月23日的《自然神经科学》(Nature Neuroscience)杂志上。

领导这一研究的是约翰霍普金斯医学院的董欣中(Xinzhong Dong)博士,董博士早年毕业于武汉大学,后于美国加州大学洛杉矶分校获得博士学位,现在约翰霍普金斯大学医学院神经科学系进行研究工作,主要从事疼痛相关神经细胞的分子与遗传机制研究。

瘙痒是机体生理状态下自我保护的一种反应机制,也是许多系统性疾病和皮肤疾病的症状之一,目前对于其产生的具体机制仍不十分清楚。一直以来,许多科学家对瘙痒是否是疼痛的一种形式或体内是否有专门的瘙痒、疼痛及其它感觉的神经通路进行过辩论。并用了数十年的时间搜寻瘙痒特异性神经元细胞,希望能够解释大脑如何把痒和疼痛区分开来,但却没有突破性进展。

2009年,董欣中研究小组在上皮感觉神经细胞中发现一个G蛋白偶联受体家族成员Mrgprs能行使瘙痒受体中的功能。并证实Mrgprs能够在小口径背根神经节(DRG)神经细胞中特异性表达,这种小口径DGR神经细胞能够感知疼痛和瘙痒。

在这篇文章中,研究人员证实DGR中的MrgprA3+神经元是瘙痒特异性的神经细胞。通过遗传工程标记和操控DRG中的MrgprA3+神经元,研究人员发现它们对皮肤表皮进行了神经支配,并对多种致痒原(pruritogen)产生反应。除去MrgprA3+神经元可导致多种致痒原诱发的以及在慢性瘙痒疾病中自发的搔抓明显减少,而疼痛敏感性却不受影响。值得注意的是,MrgprA3+神经元独特表达TRPV1的小鼠在对辣椒素做出反应时,显示出瘙痒而非疼痛行为。尽管MrgprA3+神经元对于伤害性炽热敏感,然而通过伤害性炽热激活这些神经元中的TRPV1却不会改变疼痛行为。

这些结果表明MrgprA3神经元是介导瘙痒的背根神经节神经元一种特异的亚型,从而为开发出新型抗瘙痒治疗指明了新研究方向。

瘙痒相关的拓展阅读:

doi:10.1038/nn.3289
PMC:
PMID:

A subpopulation of nociceptors specifically linked to itch

Liang Han,1 Chao Ma,2, 3 Qin Liu,1, 4 Hao-Jui Weng,1, 4 Yiyuan Cui,5 Zongxiang Tang,1, 4 Yushin Kim,1 Hong Nie,3, 6 Lintao Qu,3 Kush N Patel,1, 4 Zhe Li,1 Benjamin McNeil,1 Shaoqiu He,7 Yun Guan,7 Bo Xiao,5 Robert H LaMotte3 & Xinzhong Dong1, 4

Itch-specific neurons have been sought for decades. The existence of such neurons has been doubted recently as a result of the observation that itch-mediating neurons also respond to painful stimuli. We genetically labeled and manipulated MrgprA3+ neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and found that they exclusively innervated the epidermis of the skin and responded to multiple pruritogens. Ablation of MrgprA3+ neurons led to substantial reductions in scratching evoked by multiple pruritogens and occurring spontaneously under chronic itch conditions, whereas pain sensitivity remained intact. Notably, mice in which TRPV1 was exclusively expressed in MrgprA3+ neurons exhibited itch, but not pain, behavior in response to capsaicin. Although MrgprA3+ neurons were sensitive to noxious heat, activation of TRPV1 in these neurons by noxious heat did not alter pain behavior. These data suggest that MrgprA3 defines a specific subpopulation of DRG neurons mediating itch. Our study opens new avenues for studying itch and developing anti-pruritic therapies.


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    2013-05-13 liye789132251

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