Stroke:新型评估工具,辅助决策脑中风后机械取栓

2021-10-01 Freeman MedSci原创

机械血栓切除术(MT)对急性缺血性卒中的功能结局的影响是高度时间依赖性的。HERMES (Highly Effective Reperfusion Evaluated in Multiple Endo

机械血栓切除术(MT)对急性缺血性卒中的功能结局的影响是高度时间依赖性的。HERMES (Highly Effective Reperfusion Evaluated in Multiple Endovascular Stroke Trials) 荟萃分析显示,在症状发生7.3小时后出现的患者中,MT与单纯的药物治疗相比,与改善预后没有明显关系。

然而,最近的随机临床试验显示,MT在发病后24小时内可能是非常有效的。据观察,在延长的时间窗内,根据可救治的大脑自动化图像后处理系统(即RAPID、iSchemaView)的成像证据选择MT的病人。

尽管结果令人鼓舞,但这样的自动化软件工具并不是每个卒中中心都有。此外,这些试验中的患者群体是经过严格筛选的,严格的纳入也许不能代表真实世界的环境。

最后,基于CT灌注(CTP)定义的梗死核心的不可逆组织损伤的估计受到了批评,特别是在入院成像时可能高估了组织梗死的真实体积。这最终可能导致排除那些本来可以从MT中获益的病人。

定量的病变净摄水量(Quantitative lesion net water uptake,NWU)是一种基于CT的成像生物标志物,被描述为识别溶栓时间窗内患者的有用工具。

病变区域水摄取量(Lesion water uptake)反映了急性梗死的标志--血管性水肿,并提供了对梗死进展速度的洞察力,而这是已知的因人而异。

事实上,Minnerup等人观察到,定量的NWU是一个相当精确的病变年龄指标。然而,NWU的个体间差异随着从发病到成像的时间延长而增加,表明梗死进展的速度不同。

尽管入院成像时低水平的缺血水摄取量可能表明梗死的早期阶段,但较高的水平已被证明是血管内治疗无效的预测,而血管内治疗又与不良的功能结局有关。

然而,目前仍不清楚在延长的时间窗内出现的患者入院成像中的低NWU是否代表了有利于血管内治疗的有益组合。

藉此,德国汉堡大学的Gabriel Broocks 等人,探究了在症状出现后24小时内接受MT治疗的患者的NWU的预后价值。并假设,在延长时间窗内出现的患者入院影像学测量的定量NWU对临床结果有预测作用。


他们分析了所有在2014年8月至2020年3月期间,接受初次多模态CT并接受机械血栓切除术的缺血性前循环卒中患者,这些患者在症状出现后4.5至24小时内出现。根据入院CT计算出病变净水摄取量的定量。使用单变量ROC曲线分析和逻辑回归分析评估临床结果的预测。

共122名患者符合纳入标准。在多变量逻辑回归分析中,净摄水量(HR=0.78 [95% CI,0.64-0.95],P=0.01)、年龄(HR=0.94 [95% CI,0.88-0.99];P=0.02)和NIHSS(赔率,0。 88 [95% CI, 0.79-0.99], P=0.03)与有利的结果(改良的Rankin量表得分≤1)明显独立相关,并调整了再通的程度和Alberta Stroke Program早期CT得分。

包括上述参数的多变量预测模型,在功能结局的分类中产生了最高的诊断能力,其曲线下面积为0.88(敏感性92.3%,特异性82.9%)。

在诊断延长时间窗内出现的缺血性卒中患者时,实施病灶吸水量定量作为影像学生物标志物,可能会改善临床预后。未来的研究可以测试这种生物标志物作为CT灌注的补充甚至是替代工具。

原文出处:
Broocks G, Kemmling A, Teßarek S, et al. Quantitative Lesion Water Uptake as Stroke Imaging Biomarker: A Tool for Treatment Selection in the Extended Time Window? Stroke. Published online September 20, 2021. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.033025

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