Neurology:胃复安联合苯海拉明治疗急性创伤后头痛的疗效

2021-03-30 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

一项新的研究发现,在急诊室静脉注射两种常见的抗恶心药物的组合(胃复安+苯海拉明)可能比安慰剂更好地缓解头痛。

对于经历脑震荡的人来说,在受伤后的几周内出现中度到严重的头痛并不罕见。一项新的研究发现,在急诊室静脉注射两种常见的抗恶心药物的组合(胃复安+苯海拉明)可能比安慰剂更好地缓解头痛。该研究结果近日发表在Neurology期刊上。

胃复安(甲氧氯普胺,Metoclopramide)是临床上的常用止吐药,后有发现该药可用于治疗消化性溃疡、糖尿病性胃麻痹等。其主要作用机制是对中枢神经系统起镇静作用,选择性抑制延髓的催吐化学感受区,反射性的抑制呕吐中枢而产生较强的镇吐作用。兴奋胃肠平滑肌,使小肠运动活动增强,导致胃排空加快,肠蠕动增强。

苯海拉明(Diphenhydramine)是一种常见的抗组胺药,具有抗组织胺H1受体的作用,对中枢神经有较强的抑制作用,还有阿托品样作用。适用皮肤粘膜的过敏性疾病,如荨麻疹、枯草热,过敏性鼻炎等。还可用于预防晕船、晕车、晕飞机等晕动病。思睡、口干为其主要不良反应。

Pixabay.com

静脉注射大剂量的胃复安会引起躁动,因此本研究结合苯海拉明和胃复安预防这些不良症状。研究者在两个城市急诊科(ED)进行了随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、平行组研究。参与者经历了头部创伤,并在10天内出现了符合急性创伤后头痛标准的头痛,以1:1的比例将参与者随机分为M+D组和安慰剂组。主要结果是在基线和治疗后一小时疼痛改善0-10级。

研究最后纳入160名经历过头部创伤的人,他们在10天内因为头痛而去了急诊室。M+D组有81人,静脉注射甲氧氯普胺20mg+苯海拉明25mg。剩下的79人注射了生理盐水作为安慰剂。研究人员要求受试者在服药一小时后,从0到10为自己的疼痛程度打分。在这个刻度上,0表示没有疼痛,10表示能想象到的最大疼痛。

研究发现,联合用药组在一小时后使普通人的疼痛程度降低了5分以上。接受胃复安和苯海拉明联合治疗的人说,他们的疼痛评分平均提高了5.2分。接受安慰剂治疗的人平均说,他们的疼痛程度提高了3.8分。在联合用药组中,43%的人经历了嗜睡、烦躁或腹泻等副作用。在安慰剂组中,28%的人报告了这些副作用。

研究的主要作者Friedman说:“本研究为急性、中度或重度创伤后头痛患者提供了I类证据,与安慰剂相比,静脉注射甲氧氯普胺+苯海拉明可显著改善疼痛。需要更多的研究来确定胃复安的最有效剂量和服用时间,以确定人们离开急诊室后是否能得到长期的缓解。此外,未来的工作也许能够确定这种药物的早期治疗是否能针对头部受伤后出现的其他破坏性症状,如抑郁、睡眠障碍和焦虑等。”

参考文献:Benjamin W. Friedman, Eddie Irizarry, Darnell Cain, Arianna Caradonna, Mia T. Minen, Clemencia Solorzano, Eleftheria Zias, David Zybert, Michael McGregor, Polly E. Bijur, E. John Gallagher. Randomized Study of Metoclopramide Plus Diphenhydramine for Acute Posttraumatic HeadacheNeurology, 2021; 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011822 DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011822

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    2021-11-02 马龙
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    2022-01-14 yinhl1978
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    2021-03-30 神盾医疗局局长Jack

    需要更多的研究来确定胃复安的最有效剂量和服用时间,以确定人们离开急诊室后是否能得到长期的缓解。

    0

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    2021-03-30 ms9000001292416397

    不错

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2028238, encodeId=ba52202823898, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a58a8318145' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胃复安#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83181, encryptionId=a58a8318145, topicName=胃复安)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ba58436, createdName=马龙, createdTime=Tue Nov 02 04:06:05 CST 2021, time=2021-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2001277, encodeId=570a20012e77b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5df12695e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neurol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12695, encryptionId=d5df12695e6, topicName=Neurol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8217292, createdName=yinhl1978, createdTime=Fri Jan 14 04:06:05 CST 2022, time=2022-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1335334, encodeId=83de133533440, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e7cc32022c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#创伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32022, encryptionId=e7cc32022c7, topicName=创伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=aa5a2500103, createdName=ms920641618706883, createdTime=Thu Apr 01 02:06:05 CST 2021, time=2021-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=952431, encodeId=093b95243177, content=需要更多的研究来确定胃复安的最有效剂量和服用时间,以确定人们离开急诊室后是否能得到长期的缓解。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200529/3611e9bb629c4e5b81fbd8ce784b06cc/128487eae357460bb98f67d86230c218.jpg, createdBy=ab235268530, createdName=神盾医疗局局长Jack, createdTime=Tue Mar 30 18:22:32 CST 2021, time=2021-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=952374, encodeId=ccc79523e42b, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=14b85443581, createdName=ms9000001292416397, createdTime=Tue Mar 30 15:09:54 CST 2021, time=2021-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1032860, encodeId=2a4d10328605f, content=谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=内科新手, createdTime=Tue Mar 30 14:06:05 CST 2021, time=2021-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-30 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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