Cell:IRF4在棕色脂肪形成和消耗中起关键性作用

2014-07-04 MedSci MedSci原创

机体含有两类颜色截然不同的脂肪细胞:白色脂肪和棕色脂肪。白色脂肪负责储存多余的热能以备不时之需,而棕色脂肪细胞会燃烧脂肪将其转变为热量。自从发现成年人具有相当可观的棕色脂肪,研究者们就一直在努力理解它们的作用机制,希望最终能够有效治疗肥胖症和糖尿病。BIDMC(Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)的科学家们发现,转录因子IRF4(干扰素调节因子4)在棕色脂肪的

机体含有两类颜色截然不同的脂肪细胞:白色脂肪和棕色脂肪。白色脂肪负责储存多余的热能以备不时之需,而棕色脂肪细胞会燃烧脂肪将其转变为热量。自从发现成年人具有相当可观的棕色脂肪,研究者们就一直在努力理解它们的作用机制,希望最终能够有效治疗肥胖症和糖尿病
BIDMC(Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)的科学家们发现,转录因子IRF4(干扰素调节因子4)在棕色脂肪的热量生成、能量消耗和低温耐受中起到了关键性的作用。这一成果发表在七月三日的Cell杂志上,第一作者是孔星星博士(Xingxing Kong)。(孔星星博士,2011年于中国医学科学院北京协和医学院获博士学位。随后,在哈佛医学院BIDMC从事博士后研究。)

“棕色脂肪在代谢中非常活跃,如果我们能够操纵这些脂肪细胞的数量或活性,就可以迫使身体燃烧更多的卡路里,”文章的资深作者,BIDMC 的Evan Rosen说,他也是哈佛医学院的副教授。“我们应当充分挖掘IRF4在临床应用上的潜力。”

低温、特定激素和药物(比如肾上腺素)会激活一组产热基因,启动棕色脂肪的热量生成程序。其中,UCP1基因最受关注。UCP1(解偶联蛋白1)能在棕色脂肪细胞中消耗线粒体的能量,这一过程的副产品就是热量。

“人们一直对UCP1基因的调控机制很感兴趣,而PGC1-alpha是他们关注的焦点,”Rosen解释道。“PGC1-alpha发现于15年前,是一个转录辅助因子。这种因子缺乏结合DNA的能力,只能间接驱动基因的转录。也就是说,PGC-1alpha还需要一个搭档才能起作用。然而,多年以来人们一直未能找到PGC-1alpha的这个搭档。我们的研究显示,IRF4就是人们遍寻不获的蛋白。”

干扰素调节因子(IRF)具有重要的免疫调节作用。Rosen等人此前曾发现,IRF4是脂肪细胞发育和脂类分解中的关键因子。脂肪组织缺乏IRF4会导致肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和不耐受低温。

研究人员认为,IRF4除了参与脂类分解,还在棕色脂肪中起到了直接的产热作用。他们通过小鼠实验验证了这一理论。研究显示,脂肪细胞中的IRF4能够被低温和cAMP诱导,并且足以提高产热基因的表达,促进能量消耗和低温耐受。但如果棕色脂肪缺乏IRF4,产热基因的表达和能量消耗就会降低,小鼠变的肥胖和不耐受低温。进一步研究指出,IRF4能与PGC-1 alpha直接相互作用,促进UCP1的表达和热量生成。
Figure thumbnail fx1

“在这项研究的基础上,也许我们能够找到新的药物靶标,直接干涉上述通路。与单纯使用类肾上腺素药物相比,这样的方式特异性更强,可以避免心率和血压升高等副作用。”

原始出处:
Xingxing Kong, Alexander Banks, Tiemin Liu, Lawrence Kazak, Rajesh R. Rao, Paul Cohen, Xun Wang, Songtao Yu, et al..IRF4 Is a Key Thermogenic Transcriptional Partner of PGC-1α.Cell, Vol. 158, Issue 1, p69–83

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    2021-11-09 湘雅科教

    已拜读,受益匪浅。

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    2016-03-05 忠诚向上

    继续努力

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    2016-03-05 忠诚向上

    继续研究

    0

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    2016-03-05 忠诚向上

    努力学习

    0

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    2015-05-07 hb2008ye
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