罕见病例赏析——肥大性骨关节病

2018-01-19 MedSci MedSci原创

肥大性骨关节病(HOA)是一种由于骨周围软组织增厚,广泛性骨膜新骨形成而导致的综合征。临床以杵状指(趾)、广泛性骨膜新骨形成和关节疼痛、积液为主要表现。本病分为原发性和继发性两类,原发性肥大性骨关节病也称为家族性肥大性骨关节病、厚皮骨膜病。继发性肥大性骨关节病又称为肺性肥大性骨关节病(pulmonary HOA),往往有明显的内脏疾病,发病年龄一般较大,以中老年为主,比较多见。 病史

肥大性骨关节病(HOA)是一种由于骨周围软组织增厚,广泛性骨膜新骨形成而导致的综合征。临床以杵状指(趾)、广泛性骨膜新骨形成和关节疼痛、积液为主要表现。本病分为原发性和继发性两类,原发性肥大性骨关节病也称为家族性肥大性骨关节病、厚皮骨膜病。继发性肥大性骨关节病又称为肺性肥大性骨关节病(pulmonary HOA),往往有明显的内脏疾病,发病年龄一般较大,以中老年为主,比较多见。

病史

患者为一23岁年轻男性,既往体健。患者大约于14年前无明显诱因出现双手指、足趾端肥大,不能作精细动作,双侧腕关节、膝关节及踝关节肿胀,无红、热及疼痛,活动不受限,手心、脚心多汗,前额及面部皮肤增厚,粗糙,多汗油腻,眼距宽,鼻端大,头皮呈脑回样改变,无头昏及头痛,全身无力,关节肿胀晨轻暮重,冬轻夏重,站立过久时明显。

查体:

患者神志清楚,精神一般,头颅及颜面部皮肤增厚,颜纹加深,鼻端大,头颈五官无明显畸形,双侧瞳孔等大等圆,对光反射灵敏。心肺听诊未闻及明显异常腹软,无压痛及反跳痛双腕关节、膝踝关节肿大,双手指、足趾远端肥大

辅助检查:

双腕关节、 双踝关节摄片示双侧尺桡骨及胫腓骨骨干及双手掌骨、近 指骨增粗,骨皮质增厚,可见对称性骨膜增生,局部见骨质疏 松改变。

性激素六项卵泡刺激素(rsr[)2.84 mIlJ/ml,黄体生成素 (LH)4.0 mIlJ/ml,雌二醇(E2)79.39 pg/ml,孕酮(P) o.85 I彩llll,泌乳素(Fe,L)35.22 ng/缸,睾酮(T)570 w/al,

甲状腺功能T3 1.96 nmol/L,T4 101.9 nmol/L,TSH 1.19 mIU/L。

简要解析:

本病的病因尚不明确,可能为常染色体隐性遗传病或具有不同外显率的常染色体显性遗传病。本病大多有家族史,男女发病比例为8.9:l,且男性发病症状较女性严重心1。本病临床表现为手足皮肤增粗变厚,关节粗大,小腿及前臂远段增粗,严重者可呈柱状腿、柱状臂,关节可发生积液,出现疼痛和强直,杵(趾),皮肤增厚,以面部为主,常形成粗大皱褶;眼距宽,鼻梁低,鼻端 ,鼻唇沟加深,呈狮貌,头皮呈脑回状。此外,尚有多汗、乏力,部分患者男性乳房女性化。实验室检查无特异性发现。x线特点:x线表现为早期只显示杵状指(趾),无明显的骨质改变;以后可出现长管状骨及短管状骨骨干部的骨膜新骨形成,病变最易累及胫骨、腓骨、桡骨、尺骨及近中节指(趾)骨,肱骨及股骨很少累及。PHOA的诊断主要根据临床及x线表现,诊断要点为缓慢进展的骨膜成骨亢进、杵状指(趾),颜面部和肢端的皮肤肥厚,可能有家族史,且需排除继发因素p1。PHOA尚需与肢端肥症、类风湿关节炎、甲状腺性肢端肥厚、继发性肥大性骨关节病等相鉴别。目前,PHOA尚无特殊治疗,多采用支持对症治疗,如非甾体类抗炎药、糖皮质激素、钙剂等。

整病例请前往【梅斯医生】→病例库→肝胆胰外科→“指(趾)端肥大、颜纹增厚14年

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    2018-07-29 lisa438
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    2018-02-22 海豹
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    2018-01-21 syscxl