毛主席爱吃红烧肉的科学意义

2016-07-08 解螺旋·叶子 解螺旋·医生科研助手

一直以来,饮食指南和教科书都告诉我们,胆固醇(尤其是低密度胆固醇)不是什么好东西,能够引起包括中风和心血管疾病在内的多种疾病。但现在有研究表明,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平高的老人比那些LDL-C水平低的老人更长寿。 说起红烧肉这一传统美食大家都知道,苏东坡和毛主席都酷爱这道菜。按照我们这一百年的常识(1910年,德国化学家温道斯发现,人体动脉壁粥样斑块内有大量胆固醇


一直以来,饮食指南和教科书都告诉我们,胆固醇(尤其是低密度胆固醇)不是什么好东西,能够引起包括中风和心血管疾病在内的多种疾病。但现在有研究表明,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平高的老人比那些LDL-C水平低的老人更长寿。

说起红烧肉这一传统美食大家都知道,苏东坡和毛主席都酷爱这道菜。按照我们这一百年的常识(1910年,德国化学家温道斯发现,人体动脉壁粥样斑块内有大量胆固醇沉积,其胆固醇含量是正常动脉壁的20~26倍,他就推测,是血中胆固醇水平的异常升高促发了动脉粥样硬化),这道菜也太不健康了。酱油和糖放这么多,肉这么肥,这糖、脂肪和胆固醇要超标多少啊。但事实却是,苏东坡和毛主席都可以算的上高寿(北宋皇帝平均46岁,苏轼66岁,而毛主席更是83岁去世的,跟当时的平均寿命比起来,p<0.05,具有统计学差异)。而且,最后他们也不是因为心血管病死的。不禁让人怀疑,我们这么多年来是不是被德国佬骗了……


越来越多的研究也发现,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)并不是我们一直认为的坏胆固醇(传统观点认为,是致动脉硬化的罪魁祸首,俗称“坏胆固醇”;而高密度胆固醇对心血管有保护作用,是“好胆固醇”)。

BMJ Open上的一篇系统综述表明,体内低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平较高的老年人其寿命甚至长于LDL-C水平较低的同龄人。该综述对于之前的一些研究进行了重新分析,包含了19个研究,30个队列中的68,094名60岁以上病人。


结果发现,在60岁以上的病人中,LDL-C和死亡率无关联。甚至在80%的个体中,LDL-C水平和死亡率呈负相关。动物和实验室研究也给出了可能的原因,LDL-C能结合多种微生物及其有毒产物,使其失去生物活性。因此,一些由微生物引起的疾病更多是在低水平LDL-C的人群中产生。而现在,又有许多研究显示肠道微生物与多种疾病相关联。所以,研究人员认为较高的LDL-C水平在对抗一些老年人常见疾病方面具有保护作用。

比如,高胆固醇水平与帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病等神经紊乱疾病的较低发生率存在相关性,还有,高LDL-C可能会帮助避免癌症和感染性疾病等一些致死性疾病的发生,除此之外低LDL-C还可能增加老年人对上述疾病的易感性。其中有项研究对超过10万健康人进行了长达15年的随访。在随访中发现,那些胆固醇水平低的人住院率更高,并且更容易得传染病。这项研究强有力的证明了,胆固醇水平低对人健康有害。

之前认为高LDL-C会导致中年人增加心血管疾病风险,并且随着年龄增长这种风险会加大,最终导致心血管疾病死亡。但矛盾的是,并没有发现这一趋势,如果LDL-C随着时间积累在动脉血管上导致心脏疾病,那么为什么LDL-C水平最高的老年人反而活得最长久?既然高LDL-C的老年人寿命更长,为什么我们还这么不待见LDL-C呢?

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    2016-10-12 1e0ece0dm09(暂无匿称)

    谢谢指点学习

    0

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    2016-07-10 老段

    我也喜欢吃

    0

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    2016-07-09 oo902

    晕菜中

    0

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    2016-07-08 水蓝

    好与不好被他们搞昏了

    0

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    2016-07-08 sillywu

    我就爱吃红烧肉啊

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=146974, encodeId=842a1469e436, content=谢谢指点学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K46ZAxBHmHsph32KkfsWGwmickB6RsCUD8KruE4vo5CpvXfdu16GBpp4ibh6WJu1o9iatP1LWKDmvmic/0, createdBy=be6f1940165, createdName=1e0ece0dm09(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 12 16:13:52 CST 2016, time=2016-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92516, encodeId=a80c92516bb, content=我也喜欢吃, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Sun Jul 10 08:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92454, encodeId=74c59245411, content=晕菜中, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Sat Jul 09 10:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92423, encodeId=cd15924238d, content=好与不好被他们搞昏了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eda01744303, createdName=水蓝, createdTime=Fri Jul 08 21:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92407, encodeId=82e29240ee0, content=我就爱吃红烧肉啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib260FNcic8ThYZTmbW36JHpvHcnIog7VbWIQjibo1kwuH9obXRJJtqHn1hYHHLG0DpIMIBVFPhBBpQOJWDk1rbib2Y/0, createdBy=d27274268, createdName=sillywu, createdTime=Fri Jul 08 17:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92379, encodeId=0fe5923e97e, content=领导人的智慧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73441710184, createdName=明崖, createdTime=Fri Jul 08 15:31:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-08 明崖

    领导人的智慧

    0