Cancer：大麻或增加睾丸癌风险

近日，来自南加利福尼亚大学（USC）的研究者发现了大麻使用和患特定类型睾丸癌之间的关系，相关研究成果刊登在了近日的国际杂志Cancer上。文章中，研究者描述了大麻对于睾丸细胞潜在的癌症诱发效应。

睾丸癌是15至45岁男性常见的一种癌症，而且其是越来越常见的一种恶性肿瘤。因此研究者试图去研究其与患者暴露的环境是否有某种潜在的关系。为了观察大麻的使用是否是睾丸癌诱发的一个因素，研究者分析了163位被诊断为睾丸癌患者的信息以及将这些患者与292名相同年龄的健康男性进行对比。通过研究发现，接触大麻的男性相比不接触的男性，其患特定类型的睾丸癌（非精原细胞瘤和混合生殖细胞瘤）的风险是后者的2倍以上。

研究者Cortessis说道，我们并不知道大麻中什么成分可以促使睾丸发生癌变，我们推测可能是由于内源性大麻素所导致的。研究者同时也发现了有可卡因使用历史的男性其患特定类型的睾丸癌的风险反而降低了，但是可卡因如何降低患癌风险就不得而知了。

编译自：Marijuana Use May Increase Risk of Testicular Cancer

doi:10.1002/cncr.27554
PMC:
PMID:

Population-based case-control study of recreational drug use and testis cancer risk confirms an association between marijuana use and nonseminoma risk

John Charles A. Lacson MS1, Joshua D. Carroll BA1,2, Ellenie Tuazon MPH1, Esteban J. Castelao MD, PhD1,3, Leslie Bernstein PhD4, Victoria K. Cortessis MSPH, PhD1,‡,*

BACKGROUND: Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) incidence increased steadily in recent decades, but causes remain elusive. Germ cell function may be influenced by cannabinoids, and 2 prior epidemiologic studies reported that the use of marijuana may be associated with nonseminomatous TGCT. Here, the authors evaluate the relation between TGCTs and exposure to marijuana and other recreational drugs using a population-based case-control study.

METHODS: In total, 163 patients who were diagnosed with TGCT in Los Angeles County from December 1986 to April 1991 were enrolled, and 292 controls were matched on age, race/ethnicity, and neighborhood. Participants were asked about drug use by a structured, in-person interview. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for history of cryptorchidism; education; religiosity; and reported use of marijuana, cocaine, and amyl nitrite.

RESULTS: Compared with never use, ever use of marijuana had a 2-fold increased risk (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.02-3.68), whereas ever use of cocaine had a negative association with TGCT (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32-0.91). Stratification on tumor histology revealed a specific association of marijuana use with nonseminoma and mixed histology tumors (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.08-5.42).

CONCLUSIONS: A specific association was observed between marijuana use and the risk of nonseminoma and mixed tumors. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a negative association between cocaine use and TGCT risk. The current results warrant mechanistic studies of marijuana's effect on the endocannabinoid system and TGCT risk and caution that recreational and therapeutic use of cannabinoids by young men may confer malignant potential to testicular germ cells. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.