CSC&OCC 2015:JAMA主编如何看待个体化医疗与大数据

2015-09-15 MedSci MedSci原创

在本次CSC&OCC 2015年会上,美国医学会杂志(JAMA)主编Howard Bauchner教授发表了《个体化医疗与大数据》主题演讲。JAMA主编Howard Bauchner教授JAMA创刊于1883年,每月出版4期,是美国医学会的旗舰出版物。JAMA于2012年2月创办JAMA Network,现在JAMA Network包括JAMA皮肤病学、JAMA面部整形学、JAMA精神病学

在本次CSC&OCC 2015年会上,美国医学会杂志(JAMA)主编Howard Bauchner教授发表了《个体化医疗与大数据》主题演讲。



JAMA主编Howard Bauchner教授


JAMA创刊于1883年,每月出版4期,是美国医学会的旗舰出版物。JAMA于2012年2月创办JAMA Network,现在JAMA Network包括JAMA皮肤病学、JAMA面部整形学、JAMA精神病学、JAMA内科学、JAMA神经病学、JAMA眼科、JAMA耳鼻喉科——头颈部手术学、JAMA儿科学、JAMA手术学、JAMA肿瘤学。JAMA现在有33万注册用户,每年有2500万下载量(PDF/HTML)。2014年JAMA共接收提交研究4700篇,其中约4%被直接接收,65%被直接拒绝,约1600篇进入复审(2-3个月)。约220篇要求修订(85%被接收)。论文从接收到出版没有延期。


什么是个体化医疗?


科学技术顾问委员会的主席指出:“个体化医疗是指根据每个不同病人量身定做的医学治疗。它不是字面上的说为每个病人制造独特的药物和治疗设备,而是能够区分病人所患疾病不同亚型,能够区别他们对不同疾病和治疗的敏感性。这样,就可以针对能因此获益的病人使用预防或治疗干预,减少不能因此获益的病人的费用和副反应。”


个体化治疗的现状


  • 仍关注于基因层面——药物基因组学、肿瘤基因组学

  • 营养研究的潜在进步

  • 基因表明行为改变可能并没有非常重要

  • 是用来改善成功药物有效性还是用来拯救失败药物

  • 最终是要用临床试验评估个性化治疗的有效性还是观测数据的充分性

  • 性价比的问题——临床vs统计学的重要性vs社会消费——这需要越来越多的知识进行补充解释


个体化医疗面临的问题


1.小数量的队伍产生了大样本的数据,通常是作为作为项目的一部分,尤其是用于资助整个研究组使用的重要资源。


2.个人的调查组产生了大量数据,经常是被授权使用现有的新技术。


3.一个更大数量的来源是每产生一个小的数据库,它的价值都因与其他数据结合整理而放大。


什么是大数据?


大数据的概念是指抓住所有生物医学研究人员在存储、管理、分析和整合多元数据方面面临的机遇和挑战。数据量现在变得愈发庞大,多样化和复杂,超出了现有的用于管理和分析数据的能力。


大数据现状


  • 由于缺乏清晰的定义而缺少案例分享

  • 美国国立卫生院(NIH)现在“归于”大数据名下

  • 孤立的数据未显示出潜在的价值

  • 主要是一些观察性的研究,所以有局限性

  • 在美国,回顾历史性的数据是比较困难的,电子病历系统是静态的而不是动态的系统


大数据的任务


从生物医学大数据中收获信息的能力可以提高我们对人类健康和疾病的理解;然而,缺乏合适的工具,数据访问的困难和不够充分的训练是阻碍转化的主要因素。为了解决这些问题,美国国立卫生院(NIH)在2012年推出了大数据知识(Big Data to Knowledge)倡议(BD2K)。BD2K倡议有4个主要目的,总的来说是为了增强生物大数据的实效性。


1.通过使数据更容易被发现,获取和引用,促进生物医学数字化的广泛使用;

2.实行调查和发展研究方法,软件及分析数据的工具;

3.增加数据使用工具和方法的训练;

4.为数据的电子系统提供支持,加速作为数字化企业的一部分。


Howard Bauchner教授认为,个体化治疗和大数据是异卵双生,我们对它们的发展抱有极大的期待,临床试验仍旧是非常重要的。但来自大数据的关于个体化医疗的健康数据还是比较孤立的。大数据的建立和发展将会对医生和病人带来巨大的益处。


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    2015-09-17 zhaojie88
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    2015-09-15 medcardio

    内容应该一样

    0

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    2015-09-15 ioslove

    en , good !

    0

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    2015-09-15 lovetcm

    JAMA主编后天要到CSCO上讲大数据了

    0

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