TPOAb、TGAb、TRAb的“同”与“异”

2018-05-11 李琦 检验医学网

目前临床使用的甲状腺自身抗体主要包括TPOAb、TGAb和TRAb,虽然它们都主要用于甲状腺疾病病因学诊断,但其在临床上的意义并不相同,需要我们认真分析,下面我们对三个抗体的临床意义进行了归纳和总结。


作者:中国中医科学院西苑医院  李琦

目前临床使用的甲状腺自身抗体主要包括TPOAb、TGAb和TRAb,虽然它们都主要用于甲状腺疾病病因学诊断,但其在临床上的意义并不相同,需要我们认真分析,下面我们对三个抗体的临床意义进行了归纳和总结。

常见的自身免疫性甲状腺疾病

首先,我们先对临床上常见的自身免疫性甲状腺疾病进行一下梳理,见表1:

TPOAb(甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体)

TPO存在于甲状腺细胞的微粒体上,TPOAb的升高常见于一些自身免疫性疾病引起的甲状腺炎。

1TPO病理意义

高达90%的慢性桥本氏甲状腺炎、萎缩性甲状腺炎和产后甲状腺炎的病人中患者体内可检测到高滴度的TPOAb,70%的Graves病患者有TPOAb滴度升高。高浓度 TPOAb(>2000IU/mL)几乎都是在HLA-DR3或DR5病人中发现,因为这些单倍型与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病有关。在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病中,TPO浓度与临床征象常常表现一致,因为 TPOAb是通过激活补体和淋巴细胞介导的细胞裂解作用来破坏甲状腺细胞。

2TPO生理意义

值得注意的是, TPOAB在甲状腺功能完全正常的健康人体内也可能呈阳性,特别是老年人。例如,在85岁以后无已知的甲状腺功能障碍的人群中, 16%的妇女和9%的男性的 TPOAB浓度>100 IU/mL,在检测限以上。

3TPO与其他疾病

TPOAB轻度上升在非免疫性甲状腺功能障碍中也有发现,如甲状腺处于自身免疫功能状态的疾病或甲状腺肿,同样其他一些自身免疫性疾病也有发现,如艾迪生病、恶性贫血、Ⅰ型糖尿病、白斑,或可激活免疫系统的疾病,如慢性活动性肝炎、原发性胆囊纤维化症或丙肝

TGAb(甲状腺球蛋白抗体)

甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)是甲状腺滤泡腔的主要成分。TGAb的临床意义与TPOAb相似,与 TPOAB相比,TGAb在免疫性甲状腺疾病的诊断中没有那么重要,联合检测可以增加敏感性。在桥本甲状腺炎和原发性粘液性水肿患者中,TGAb阳性率约60%-70%;在Graves病患者中,TGAb阳性率约20%-40%。

值得注意的是,TGAb测定还可用于甲状腺球蛋白浓度增加的病人,因为TGAb会干扰Tg分析,造成RIA法检测Tg假性增高,免疫测定法检测Tg假性减低。

TRAb(促甲状腺激素受体抗体)

TRAb具有和TSH相似的甲状腺刺激功能,主要用于甲亢的病因学诊断。TRAb阳性提示患者的甲亢是由于自身免疫引起而不是毒性结节性甲状腺肿,TRAb与Graves病密切相关。

在80%未治疗的Graves病病人中可检测到TRAb,在桥本甲状腺炎和原发性粘液性水肿的病人中也可发现。用抗甲状腺药物治疗,若TRAb持续存在且治疗中断,便有复发的危险。Graves病较常发生于孕龄妇女,并随着怀孕变得复杂。另外,因为TRAb属IgG,它们可以母婴传播,如果患Graves病的孕妇在最后3个月TRAb浓度较高,新生儿先天性甲亢发生率较高,新生儿死亡率和低出生体重新生儿增加。 

总之,TPOAb、TGAb和TRAb虽然均为甲状腺自身抗体,但来源不同,在临床上的意义也并不相同,需要我们认真分析甲功报告单,全面综合考虑患者病情,详细了解病史、临床症状,并考虑到分析干扰的可能,对患者的病因做出正确的判断。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657006, encodeId=2d3f165e006de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Mon Aug 27 05:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1530186, encodeId=1c77153018600, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=902d1e338b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TgAb#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17338, encryptionId=902d1e338b5, topicName=TgAb)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a9de34, createdName=zhangpaul93, createdTime=Sun May 13 08:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314215, encodeId=0c5a314215c5, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Fri May 11 20:24:18 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314206, encodeId=47ee3142065a, content=非常有用.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Fri May 11 20:22:21 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314195, encodeId=55183141958d, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/11/eb1f237032e0bf07b10833fc3722e645.jpg, createdBy=2fed2145219, createdName=紫迎馨, createdTime=Fri May 11 19:25:07 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-27 bsmagic9140
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657006, encodeId=2d3f165e006de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Mon Aug 27 05:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1530186, encodeId=1c77153018600, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=902d1e338b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TgAb#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17338, encryptionId=902d1e338b5, topicName=TgAb)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a9de34, createdName=zhangpaul93, createdTime=Sun May 13 08:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314215, encodeId=0c5a314215c5, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Fri May 11 20:24:18 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314206, encodeId=47ee3142065a, content=非常有用.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Fri May 11 20:22:21 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314195, encodeId=55183141958d, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/11/eb1f237032e0bf07b10833fc3722e645.jpg, createdBy=2fed2145219, createdName=紫迎馨, createdTime=Fri May 11 19:25:07 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-13 zhangpaul93
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657006, encodeId=2d3f165e006de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Mon Aug 27 05:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1530186, encodeId=1c77153018600, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=902d1e338b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TgAb#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17338, encryptionId=902d1e338b5, topicName=TgAb)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a9de34, createdName=zhangpaul93, createdTime=Sun May 13 08:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314215, encodeId=0c5a314215c5, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Fri May 11 20:24:18 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314206, encodeId=47ee3142065a, content=非常有用.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Fri May 11 20:22:21 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314195, encodeId=55183141958d, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/11/eb1f237032e0bf07b10833fc3722e645.jpg, createdBy=2fed2145219, createdName=紫迎馨, createdTime=Fri May 11 19:25:07 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-11 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657006, encodeId=2d3f165e006de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Mon Aug 27 05:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1530186, encodeId=1c77153018600, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=902d1e338b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TgAb#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17338, encryptionId=902d1e338b5, topicName=TgAb)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a9de34, createdName=zhangpaul93, createdTime=Sun May 13 08:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314215, encodeId=0c5a314215c5, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Fri May 11 20:24:18 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314206, encodeId=47ee3142065a, content=非常有用.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Fri May 11 20:22:21 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314195, encodeId=55183141958d, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/11/eb1f237032e0bf07b10833fc3722e645.jpg, createdBy=2fed2145219, createdName=紫迎馨, createdTime=Fri May 11 19:25:07 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-11 xiaogan8479

    非常有用.谢谢分享

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657006, encodeId=2d3f165e006de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Mon Aug 27 05:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1530186, encodeId=1c77153018600, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=902d1e338b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TgAb#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17338, encryptionId=902d1e338b5, topicName=TgAb)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a9de34, createdName=zhangpaul93, createdTime=Sun May 13 08:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314215, encodeId=0c5a314215c5, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Fri May 11 20:24:18 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314206, encodeId=47ee3142065a, content=非常有用.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Fri May 11 20:22:21 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314195, encodeId=55183141958d, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/11/eb1f237032e0bf07b10833fc3722e645.jpg, createdBy=2fed2145219, createdName=紫迎馨, createdTime=Fri May 11 19:25:07 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-11 紫迎馨

    学习了

    0