eLife:科学家有望开发出新型的癌症疗法

2017-06-07 生物谷 生物谷

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志eLife上的研究报告中,来自瑞典卡罗琳学院的研究人员通过研究发现,癌细胞和正常细胞或会利用不同的“基因开关”来调节控制细胞生长的基因的表达;在小鼠机体中,移除大部分的调节性区域或和由巨大耐药性诱发的多种类型的癌症发生直接相关,但这并不会影响正常的细胞生长,相关研究或为后期科学家们开发高效特异性且副作用较小的癌症药物

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志eLife上的研究报告中,来自瑞典卡罗琳学院的研究人员通过研究发现,癌细胞和正常细胞或会利用不同的“基因开关”来调节控制细胞生长的基因的表达;在小鼠机体中,移除大部分的调节性区域或和由巨大耐药性诱发的多种类型的癌症发生直接相关,但这并不会影响正常的细胞生长,相关研究或为后期科学家们开发高效特异性且副作用较小的癌症药物提供了新的思路和希望。

图片来源:NIH

人类机体细胞中有将近2万个基因能够履行几乎所有的细胞功能,这些基因在细胞总的DNA中大约仅占到了2%的比例,我们之间彼此并不相同的原因主要是因为其它98%的DNA发生着变化,而这种变化被认为能够改变调节性区域(基因开关)的活性,而这些基因开关能够控制细胞中基因的活性水平,正是这种改变才造就了不同人对疾病易感性的不同,比如癌症等。

当前研究中,研究人员利用小鼠进行研究,他们分析了和许多不同类型癌症发病风险相关的大型基因开关区域的功能,这些癌症包括前列腺癌、乳腺癌结肠癌、膀胱癌等,相比我们所熟知的促癌基因发生的遗传性突变而言,这些区域的变化或许和很多癌症患者死亡发生的风险直接相关,目前研究人员并不清楚为何癌细胞会利用这些特殊的基因开关,而且研究者也并不清楚是否正常细胞中也拥有这些基因开关。

研究人员通过移除小鼠基因组中的基因区域对相关基因进行了关闭,结果发现,这些基因功能的缺失对于小鼠的正常发育和生长没有任何影响,尽管移除基因开关区域会降低附近癌症基因Myc的水平,但小鼠依然能够保持正常和机体健康;然而小鼠对乳腺肿瘤和肠道肿瘤的形成产生了较强的抗性。

本文研究结果表明,在没有癌细胞生长所需的遗传元件的前提下,正常细胞也能够发挥功能进行正常的分裂,因此这就为后期研究人员开发高度特异性的癌症药物提供了一定思路;最后研究者Jussi Taipale教授表示,自从我们发现不同的基因开关能够驱动正常细胞和癌细胞生长时,我们就希望通过研究来关闭癌细胞生长所需的基因区域,而这对于正常细胞的生长并没有任何影响,而且这对于我们后期开发毒副作用较小的特殊抗癌疗法非常有帮助。

原始出处:

Kashyap Dave et al, Mice deficient ofsuper-enhancer region reveal differential control mechanism between normal and pathological growth, eLife (2017). DOI: 10.7554/eLife.23382

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    2017-10-20 mnda
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    2017-06-30 clmlylxy
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    2017-11-25 膀胱癌
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    2017-06-08 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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    2017-06-08 189****7206

    学习了谢谢分享。

    0

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