盆底超声诊断肛提肌胃肠道外间质瘤1例

2018-01-22 佚名 肿瘤影像学

患者,女性,55岁

【一般资料】

患者,女性,55岁

【现病史】

因劳累后发现阴道内有块状物脱出,平卧位休息后肿块能回纳入阴道内,伴排尿困难,便秘等症状。

【辅助检查】

经会阴部盆底三维超声检查:嘱患者做Valsalva动作后,可见膀胱后壁向阴道内脱出,同时右侧肛提肌外侧肌间隙内探及一呈类圆形团块,大小约2.3cm×2.0cm×1.5cm,内部为均匀低回声,向外突出(图1)。三维超声检查显示,在不同层面病灶大部分位于肛提肌内(图2)。彩色超声显示内部探及稀疏点条状血流信号(图3)。超声提示:阴道前壁脱垂(Ⅱ度);右侧肛提肌内占位病变,性质待定。手术及病理所见:于右侧肛提肌内见一类圆形肿块,肿瘤位于肌层,包膜完整,质地坚实,切面大部分呈灰白色,局部呈灰红色,镜下可见较多核分裂,免疫组织化学CD117阳性,结合肉眼特点、免疫组织化学检测结果,诊断为“胃肠道外间质瘤,倾向为低度恶性肿瘤”。







【讨论】

胃肠道间质瘤发生于腹内肠系膜、网膜、腹膜后等组织时,称为胃肠道外间质瘤(extragastrointestinalstromaltumor,EGIST),发病率仅占胃肠道间质瘤的6%左右。EGIST好发于中老年人,临床表现多为腹痛、腹胀和排便习惯改变等;肿块增大时可引起坠胀感,或压迫消化道引起肠梗阻等症状;部分患者无临床症状。EGIST生长具有隐匿性,给患者预后带来很大的不良影响。临床治疗主要以外科手术切除肿瘤为主,能否完整切除肿瘤是手术治疗的关键。CT、MRI和超声检查对诊断EGIST较有意义,影像学征象易与发生于腹腔、腹膜后、盆腔的其他肿瘤如平滑肌瘤、平滑肌瘤、脂肪肉瘤、孤立性纤维瘤、卵巢肿瘤等混淆,因此术前诊断该病的准确率偏低。超声多提示腹盆腔内单发病灶,呈分叶状或类圆形的实性包块,内部回声常均匀,血供为内部点条状血流信号,与周边组织界限清楚,常推移邻近结构。经会阴二维、三维超声能帮助肿瘤准确定位、明确肿瘤范围及其与周围结构的关系,并判断有无远处转移,从而为临床明确诊断和选择治疗方案提供重要依据。

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