采集末梢血时,用力挤压进针周围真的不影响血小板计数吗?

2017-02-27 代春雨 检验医学

【前言】小孩发烧感冒常常要检测血常规,通常都是通过采集指尖末梢血来检测的,而在采集指尖末梢血时往往会因为末梢循环不好、进针深度不够以及手温过低而引起的采血不顺,此时,有些检验人员往往用力挤压进针周围,甚至用力从指根向指尖捋,从而达到采集足够血量的目的,并且大多数标本检测之后血小板数量在正常参考值范围内或者高于参考值上限,因此有很多检验人员认为用力挤压不见得就影响血小板减少,难道真的是这样吗?【实验

【前言】

小孩发烧感冒常常要检测血常规,通常都是通过采集指尖末梢血来检测的,而在采集指尖末梢血时往往会因为末梢循环不好、进针深度不够以及手温过低而引起的采血不顺,此时,有些检验人员往往用力挤压进针周围,甚至用力从指根向指尖捋,从而达到采集足够血量的目的,并且大多数标本检测之后血小板数量在正常参考值范围内或者高于参考值上限,因此有很多检验人员认为用力挤压不见得就影响血小板减少,难道真的是这样吗?



【实验过程】

笔者曾做过回顾性实验,查找以前的20份患儿血常规报告,他们都是在同一时间段内采集两次末梢血,第一次是在采血不顺用力挤压的情况下完成的,而第二次采血顺利,认真对比他们前后两次血小板计数,很快发现即使大多数患儿第一次血小板计数在正常参考值范围内或高于参考值上限,但他们第二次采血的血小板计数均比第一次血小板计数明显或者极大增高,甚至高于一倍。通过本实验研究基本可以表明用力挤压进针周围是明显影响血小板计数的。

【实验分析】

血小板是由骨髓中巨核细胞产生的最小的血细胞,血小板增多在儿科患者中非常常见,相关研究表明,呼吸道感染在儿童继发性血小板增多中占65%-85%,主要包括细菌、病毒和支原体感染等。其发生机制可能是:基于骨髓对感染的反应,感染时的炎性细胞因子可刺激骨髓的巨核细胞产生大量的血小板,同时由于感染消耗和破坏了大量血小板,刺激骨髓代偿性增多;另外血小板会重新分布,正常情况下约有30-40%的血小板附着在血管壁上,在炎症发生时,部分附着在血管壁上的血小板脱落而进入外周血液循环。某些严重感染也会使血小板计数下降,比如伤寒和败血症等,随着感染的有效控制,又逐渐恢复正常,这表明骨髓对感染的反应不一。引起血小板计数减少的机制很复杂:病原菌的内毒素使血小板破坏增加,甚至启动免疫系统产生抗血小板抗体,导致血小板破坏增多;骨髓巨核细胞受抑制而影响血小板生成;血小板对细菌脂多糖、毒素和炎症介质产生反应而造成凝集等都会使血小板计数减少。

血小板不仅在止血、凝血、修补破损血管、血栓形成和器官移植排斥等生理和病理过程中有重要作用,还在炎症反应方面扮演着重要角色,目前有很多权威研究表明,在炎性反应中,血小板能够分泌多种炎性因子募集炎性细胞如中性粒细胞和单核细胞等参与炎症反应,甚至还具有直接对抗致病微生物的活性,因此临床上把血小板计数当作感染严重程度的重要评估指标,同时也用于鉴别疾病,监测病情变化,评估用药药量及评价疗效等重要作用。

【总结】

通过以上研究和分析,我们发现在采集末梢血做血小板计数时不能用力挤压进针周围,可轻微挤压,尽量让其自然出血,保证血小板计数准确,能够真实反映患者情况,这样才能保证临床医生正确诊断和鉴别疾病,监测病情变化,评估用药药量及评价疗效。因此,我们在遇到采集末梢血很不顺畅时,一定要重新顺利采血,保证结果的准确无误。

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    2017-02-28 lyh994

    结论要考虑采样质量、技术水平等因素

    0

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    2017-02-28 Dr.jerry

    感谢分享

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2006894, encodeId=9135200689428, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9ab6091868' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#末梢血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60918, encryptionId=a9ab6091868, topicName=末梢血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0d342500153, createdName=12498bf3m25暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Oct 08 02:36:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1480168, encodeId=cc67148016853, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4892890598d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血小板计数#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89059, encryptionId=4892890598d, topicName=血小板计数)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ee9b7619292, createdName=12498877m100暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Mar 01 08:36:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178289, encodeId=1f561e82897a, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161006/IMG57F650B19932A3251.jpg, createdBy=fa6e1959577, createdName=1e131c8cm23(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Mar 01 06:57:39 CST 2017, time=2017-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178223, encodeId=91151e822370, content=结论要考虑采样质量、技术水平等因素, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Tue Feb 28 17:19:09 CST 2017, time=2017-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178134, encodeId=9bc31e8134ea, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/30/dd6bade062cb598667f9f577194196c4.jpg, createdBy=422e1687020, createdName=Dr.jerry, createdTime=Tue Feb 28 00:27:07 CST 2017, time=2017-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178108, encodeId=cb491e810884, content=小板计数当作感染严重程度的重要评估指标,同时也用于鉴别疾病,监测病情变化,评估用药药量及评价疗效等重要作用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuF63NQckT5BOaic1el7cRelbpr859YXtZQHQSaWnqZCRPOZzDBcjsBNx7AFefLHh1UvMPS4kPP0BG/0, createdBy=47831990981, createdName=1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Feb 27 20:17:31 CST 2017, time=2017-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178107, encodeId=74e01e81074c, content=以后注意, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=62d381629, createdName=yafeiliutjh, createdTime=Mon Feb 27 20:04:19 CST 2017, time=2017-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178106, encodeId=65971e810605, content=谢谢分享,但这个用力和不用力的标准是什么?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/icyLhIGqru6gIknBJqfuPhbgwR1D9YzzjVknVG9icgnwy4jODof5cCokSjM1z6lgXGTDVedwNlaJmv2azqI7Pm0C1a4EnYvPS4/0, createdBy=3eb82027577, createdName=minstal, createdTime=Mon Feb 27 19:30:55 CST 2017, time=2017-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-27 1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称)

    小板计数当作感染严重程度的重要评估指标,同时也用于鉴别疾病,监测病情变化,评估用药药量及评价疗效等重要作用。

    0

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    2017-02-27 yafeiliutjh

    以后注意

    0

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    2017-02-27 minstal

    谢谢分享,但这个用力和不用力的标准是什么?

    0