Nature Medicine:翻盘!多余脂肪悖论:肥胖虽然促发癌症,但却有助于癌症免疫疗法

2018-11-13 小通 生物通

“我们并没有推荐将肥胖作为改善癌症患者的预后。但肥胖诱导免疫抑制,促进肿瘤生成的作用机制,似乎真的可以通过检查点抑制剂免疫疗法逆转,翻盘。”


“我们并没有推荐将肥胖作为改善癌症患者的预后。但肥胖诱导免疫抑制,促进肿瘤生成的作用机制,似乎真的可以通过检查点抑制剂免疫疗法逆转,翻盘。”

来自加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员公布了一项开创性新研究,揭示了为什么肥胖会促进癌症生长,但也能帮助新的免疫疗法更好地对抗这些肿瘤。

这一研究成果公布在11月12日Nature Medicine杂志上,这一矛盾解说为癌症医师们帮助癌症患者选择药物和其他治疗方法时提供了重要的新信息。

“这实际上是违反逻辑的,因为到目前为止,我们所有的研究都显示肥胖会带来免疫治疗的毒性,”文章的通讯作者,加州大学戴维斯分校William Murphy说,“这是一个改变游戏规则的发现,在个性化医疗中,如果出现体重指数变化,在某些情况下这可能会很糟糕,而在另外一些情况下它会有所帮助。”

肥胖,正在以一种接近于盛行流感疫情的扩展速度发展,并成为了多种癌症的主要危险因素。众所周知,肥胖会加速癌症生长,促进癌症复发。肥胖也与免疫系统的损害有关,之前的研究表明,使用免疫刺激性免疫疗法,在肥胖动物模型和人类中,这些药物会过度刺激免疫系统,并引起严重的副作用。

最新研究采用的是检查点抑制剂癌症免疫疗法,研究人员通过使用动物模型和人类患者,分析了检查点抑制剂不同类免疫疗法的效果。这些药物通过阻断癌症用于逃避免疫系统的免疫检查点途径起作用,比如Keytruda(pembrolizumab),能大大提高许多肺癌和黑色素瘤患者的生存率。

但是在新研究中,检查点抑制剂具有与其他免疫疗法不同的效果——肥胖者的生存率高于非肥胖者。

为什么会出现这种情况?研究人员认为这与肥胖对免疫系统的影响,以及检查点抑制剂的作用方式有关。

癌症会导致检查点蛋白质表达增加,从而阻止T细胞攻击癌细胞。检查点抑制剂阻断了这些蛋白质,实际上就是释放免疫系统的刹车,使T细胞可以追踪癌细胞。

这一研究小组发现,由于肥胖也会导致免疫系统受到抑制,增加检查点蛋白的表达,因此检测点抑制剂的作用在动物模型和肥胖人群中得到增强。

他们首先研究了肥胖和非肥胖小鼠T细胞功能的差异,发现T细胞功能减弱,T细胞上PD-1蛋白的表达高于非肥胖对照小鼠。而且之后研究人员在猴和人类志愿者中进行相同的研究时,也看到了非常相似的作用模式。

另外,研究还发现无论是哪种肿瘤类型,在肥胖小鼠中肿瘤的生长都更为积极。“在肥胖的动物中,癌症生长得更快,因为肿瘤的营养更多,而且免疫系统更受抑制,”Murphy说。

墨尔菲和他的同事们进一步研究发现,T细胞功能障碍部分是由瘦素(一种由体内脂肪细胞产生的体重调节激素)驱动的。研究表明,肥胖小鼠和人类瘦素水平的增加也与PD-1检查点蛋白表达增加有关。

如果给出现肿瘤的肥胖小鼠设计用于阻断PD-1作用的检查点抑制剂,它们就会比非肥胖对照小鼠存活更长时间。

一项包含251名接受检查点抑制剂治疗的黑素瘤患者的研究也指出,肥胖患者的临床结果有明显改善,这在非肥胖患者中未观察到。

“总体而言,这些研究结果表明,肥胖可能是对检查点抑制剂免疫治疗反应的一个非常重要的生物标志物,”文章另外一位作者Arta Monjazeb说,“我们并没有推荐将肥胖作为改善癌症患者的预后。但肥胖诱导免疫抑制,促进肿瘤生成的作用机制,似乎真的可以通过检查点抑制剂免疫疗法逆转,翻盘。”

不过Murphy也告诫说,尽管这些发现是更好地靶向免疫疗法的重要步骤,但还有许多其他因素可能影响某种药物对特定患者的有效性。比如性别,饮食类型,个体微生物组和治疗时间。

“目前在了解肿瘤中的因子如何影响免疫治疗反应方面积累了大量数据,”他说,“我们现在正在打开大门,了解年龄,性别,饮食和肥胖等内在因素如何影响免疫系统,以及对免疫疗法的应答影响。”

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    2019-01-18 kalseyzl
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    2019-07-30 liye789132251
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    2019-08-25 jeanqiuqiu
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    2018-11-16 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1773744, encodeId=ef021e73744ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f014e1852' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CIN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4718, encryptionId=5f014e1852, topicName=CIN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a9a038523631, createdName=kalseyzl, createdTime=Fri Jan 18 09:12:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883420, encodeId=35f9188342058, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Jul 30 10:12:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858914, encodeId=1dd118589142d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0a9593596' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5935, encryptionId=e0a9593596, topicName=DIC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6f7770, createdName=jeanqiuqiu, createdTime=Sun Aug 25 04:12:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=352747, encodeId=cc82352e4701, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Fri Nov 16 09:56:50 CST 2018, time=2018-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577635, encodeId=46fc15e763585, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cda91148004' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medicine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11480, encryptionId=cda91148004, topicName=Medicine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=54cd16396700, createdName=ms1692212821629096, createdTime=Thu Nov 15 13:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1609309, encodeId=918b1609309f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Thu Nov 15 13:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=352504, encodeId=a71735250460, content=了解一下,谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Tue Nov 13 22:26:04 CST 2018, time=2018-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2018-11-15 hb2008ye
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    2018-11-13 天地飞扬

    了解一下,谢谢分享!

    0

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