严重颈部坏死性筋膜炎并发颈内静脉血栓1例

2017-10-25 佚名 华西口腔医学杂志

患者入院前10d出现左下后牙疼痛,未予治疗。6d出现左面部肿痛,体温升高,最高达38.5℃,于当地卫生所就诊,给予输液治疗4d(具体不详),肿痛进行性加重,出现寒战。1d前肿痛进一步向左面颈部弥漫,皮色发红,触痛明显,呼吸时稍费力,张口受限,吞咽困难,伴呛咳,来解放军第252医院就诊。

【一般资料】

患者男,44岁。

【主诉】

患者男,44岁。

【现病史】

患者入院前10d出现左下后牙疼痛,未予治疗。6d出现左面部肿痛,体温升高,最高达38.5℃,于当地卫生所就诊,给予输液治疗4d(具体不详),肿痛进行性加重,出现寒战。1d前肿痛进一步向左面颈部弥漫,皮色发红,触痛明显,呼吸时稍费力,张口受限,吞咽困难,伴呛咳,来解放军第252医院就诊。

【既往史】

否认糖尿病高血压、吸烟、酗酒史。

【体格检查】

体温38.2℃,脉搏84次·分-1,呼吸20次·分-1,血压18.0/10.0kPa,神志清楚,急性病容,颈前部及胸骨柄平面以上皮肤充血,轻度水肿。左侧面颈部弥漫性肿胀,上至颧弓下水平,下至胸骨柄平面,以腮腺咬肌区、下颌后凹、左侧颌下区最为明显,表面皮肤充血,质硬,皮温高,可触及凹陷性水肿,触痛明显。张口度一横指,口底肿胀,口腔黏膜及咽部不能窥视。

【辅助检查】

白细胞14.11×109L-1,中性粒细胞比率82.04%,淋巴细胞比率7.5%,红细胞4.00×1012L-1,血红蛋白128g·L-1,血小板计数52×109L-1。电解质:钾2.83mmol·L-1,钠133mmol·L-1,氯94.3mmol·L-1,钙2.20mmol·L-1。CT检查:左侧面颈部软组织弥漫性肿胀,左侧腮腺间隙、咬肌间隙、翼下颌间隙、颌下间隙、颏下间隙、咽旁间隙、咽后间隙、内脏旁间隙大量软组织积气,下方越过舌骨平面(图1)。



【初步诊断

头颈部坏死性筋膜炎。

【治疗】

急诊行颈部多间隙感染切开引流术,纤维支气管镜经鼻插管全身麻醉,术中于左颈部舌骨平面和锁骨上方平面作平行切口,探查见颌下腺充血、肿胀,炎性浸润明显,下颌骨升支后缘腮腺间隙、翼下颌间隙、咬肌间隙、咽旁间隙、颏下间隙、颌下间隙、内脏旁间隙内引出大量脓性分泌物,外观稀薄、淡咖啡色样、恶臭,颈部筋膜呈灰白色,脂肪组织溶解,充分开放各间隙,剪除坏死筋膜组织,取分泌物送细菌培养和药敏检查。拔除口内患牙。大量碘伏过氧化氢液体、生理盐水冲洗脓腔,放置引流管。患者带气管插管人住ICU,给予镇静镇痛、三代头孢抗生素+奥硝唑抗感染、营养支持、改善微循环、维持水电解质平衡等治疗,颈部冲洗换药每天2次。术后患者每次换药均有大量脓性渗出,细菌培养未检出,虽经积极治疗,患者仍出现谵妄等中毒症状,血清降钙素原水平持续维持10ng·mL-1以上,复查CT感染向气管前间隙及对侧颈鞘扩散,于术后第4天,全身麻醉下行二次切开清创术,扩大切口范围,沿胸锁乳突肌前缘作纵形切口,清除原感染间隙及气管前间隙坏死组织。术后给予呼吸机辅助呼吸并维持原有治疗方案,患者白细胞水平逐渐恢复至正常范围,体温反复于36.1~38.2℃,偶伴有寒战,血清降钙素原水平仍未降至正常水平,细菌培养结果为金黄色葡萄球菌。第2次手术后7d,患者左颈部突然出现少量渗血,继而出现喷涌式出血,急诊全身麻醉下手术探查,见左侧颈内静脉下段破裂,其内有长约1.5cm血栓,于其上下端将颈内静脉剪断结扎,周围组织行清创处理(图2)。术后继续维持原有治疗,细菌培养结果为鲍曼不动杆菌,改用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠静脉滴注,患者病情逐渐稳定,颈部分泌物减少,新鲜肉芽组织逐渐生长。第3次手术后9d,行颈部切口拉拢缝合术,第37天治愈出院。患者共住院47d,先后4次手术。术后随访1年,患者颈部仍有轻度活动障碍,未见复发。


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    2018-07-23 丁鹏鹏
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    2018-06-04 xue8602
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    2017-12-29 fusion
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    2017-10-27 millore
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http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1503861

影像结果显示:颈部疑有一根断针?

49岁的高英不会想到,一次针灸电疗,竟将她送入险境。半年前,高英在成都大学附属医院做完脊椎手术,为了“保健治疗”,她听从亲戚推荐,到新都区一家诊所进行针灸电疗。针灸电疗后,她觉得颈部时常剧痛,4月24日,高英到成都大学附属医院检查,照片结果显示,颈部有异物,从影像结果来看,疑为一根断针。然而,4月25日,当医院再次进行照片检查时,“断针”不见了。“一种可能是当时CT照出了伪影,另一种可能是异物

PLOS ONE:睾丸移植到大鼠颈部可维持其生精能力

日本东京医科大学和爱知医科大学的一组研究人员进行了将一只老鼠的睾丸移植到另一只老鼠的颈部,以保护第一只老鼠的精子发生的可行性研究。在他们的论文中,描述了这项工作是如何开展的,并将其与移植到宿主睾丸内的尝试进行了比较。

手术技巧:指骨颈部骨折的处理

背景指骨移位的不稳定骨折常见于儿童,通常采用闭合复位克氏针内固定。我们采用的方法可在稳定骨折断端同时保护指间关节的活动。方法(1)沿长轴纵向牵引进行骨折断端闭合复位,透视下可经套筒引导将一枚1.1mm的克氏针由远向近端通过骨折端并穿透对侧皮肤,然后按照平行或交叉的方式打入第二枚克氏针。(2)钢丝钳夹持克氏针的前方尖端,将克氏针继续向近端拉出少许,直至针尾退至侧副韧带下方(图1,2)。嘱患者