高级别子宫肉瘤的局部控制优化:多学科治疗中的穹窿近距离放疗

2017-02-28 阳明 肿瘤资讯

高级别子宫肉瘤是一种非常罕见的肿瘤,占子宫恶性肿瘤的1%-2%。局部和全身复发风险高,5年总生存小于50%。手术是主要治疗手段,关于辅助治疗的数据较少,缺乏共识。



关于辅助化疗目前有两项随机对照研究。一项是妇科肿瘤组的临床三期试验,显示多柔比星单药化疗并不能带来获益,但最近的SARCGYNA随机对照试验显示,含多柔比星,异环磷酰胺和顺铂的化疗方案(API)可以延长无进展生存期。

关于辅助放疗,目前前瞻性的研究只有55874研究,是一项由欧洲肿瘤研究治疗组织开展的三期临床试验,证明了辅助性体外外照射 EBRT(external beam radiotherapy, EBRT)将局限性子宫肉瘤患者的局部区域复发从40%降低到了20%,但总生存和疾病无进展生存无获益。目前关于辅助近距离照射(brachytherapy, BT,以下简称  BT)的价值尚无前瞻性或大型的回顾性数据。

研究目的:

本中心高级别子宫肉瘤患者常规术后辅助 BT,本研究旨在探索其作为多学科治疗手段中的一种方式在局限性高级别子宫肉瘤中的局部获益和毒性情况。

研究方法:

纳入从1985年到2015年病理确诊为高级别子宫肉瘤患者,在研究者所在治疗中心(Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus)接受过阴道穹隆BT。癌肉瘤和低级别肉瘤的患者排除。分期采用FIGO标准, 如患者分期为4期,初始为非单一专一病灶并在随后的随访中被确认,接受BT加量,作为治愈手段也纳入了本研究。符合化疗标准的病人接受API方案,特殊情况患者经多学科讨论后可采用其他方案。外照射采用四野照射或调强放疗。内照射在局麻下采用阴道模器。模器中置入3根导管,两根位于侧面,一根位于后面,活性长度(低剂量率low-dose rate,LDR) 或脉冲位置(高剂量率(high-dose rate,HDR,和脉冲剂量率,pulse-dosed rate, PDR)取决于阴道长度。近距离放疗后6个月开始随访,每4到6个月随访一次,局部复发定义为瘤床复发或者阴道复发,区域复发定义为骨盆除外局部复发以外的区域。

研究结果:

共入组98例患者,入组患者基线情况见表格1.

图表1 入组患者的情况



初始治疗为手术治疗,15例患者在本研究中心接受的手术,另外83例患者在外院接受手术。一共有5例患者因为手术切缘不够或初始手术不完全接受了二次手术。共80例患者接受了完整的手术切除——经腹全子宫切除术和双侧输卵管卵巢切除术。1例患者接受了盆腔脏器切除术。17例患者手术切除不完全。20例患者在初始手术时就接受了盆腔淋巴结清扫。9例患者镜下手术切缘阳性,8例患者手术时接受了肿瘤粉碎术。53例患者接受了辅助化疗,41例患者化疗方案为API方案,10例患者接受AI(多柔比星和异环磷酰胺)方案,2例患者化疗方案为多柔比星或曲贝替定。化疗周期数中位值为4(3-7)。

96例患者接受了辅助盆腔外照射,盆腔剂量中位值为45Gy,分次剂量1.8Gy。87例患者接受了四野照射,9例患者接受了调强放疗。95例患者接受了高剂量光子放疗,就放射源而言,88例来自直线加速器,4例来自螺旋断层放疗,3例来自钴-60。

所有的患者均接受了BT。66例患者接受高剂量率BT加量,31例患者接受低剂量率BT(2例患者BT为唯一治疗方式,29例患者BT作为外照射的补充治疗),1例患者接受脉冲剂量率BT。

中位随访时间5.6年,51例患者复发,中位复发时间22个月。首次复发部位49例患者为远处转移,4例患者为区域复发,3例患者为局部复发。2例患者同时存在远处转移和区域复发,1例患者同时存在局部和远处转移,1例患者存在局部复发,区域复发和远处转移,6例患者首次复发事件为局部区域复发。首次复发部位类型见图表2.

图表2 首次复发部位模式图



34例死亡,死因全部为癌症相关。5年OS 74%,5年无局部区域复发生存(locoregional failure-free survival,LRFFS)91%,5年无局部生存(loco failure-free survival,LFFS)94%。若除外4期患者,则5年OS为77%,5年LRFFS 91%,5年LFFS 94%.

图表3  5年总生存,无局部区域复发生存,无局部复发生存





多因素和单因素分析,和生存相关有统计学意义的几个因素包括年龄,FIGO分期和分裂活性,相关风险比分别为 6.9(95% CI 1.0-20,P=0.029),1.5(95% CI 1.0-2.2,P=0.049),1.04(95% CI 1.0-1.1,P=0.017)。和LRFFS的相关因素分析中,考虑了近距离放疗,单因素分析中有统计学意义的因素肿瘤大小和FIGO分期, RR值分别为1.44(95% CI 1.01-2.03,p-0.039),1.36(95% CI 1.0-1.8 p=0.044)。多因素分析没有因素具有统计学意义。

图表4  OS,LRFFS的多因素和单因素分析



放疗野内的毒性在轻度到中度之间。急性毒性方面,4例患者出现了3级以上的毒性,2例患者为胃肠毒性,2例为膀胱毒性。无4级及以上毒性出现。1例3级晚期泌尿系统毒性,1例3级晚期胃肠毒性。无患者出现2级以上妇科毒性。

图表5 毒性情况



研究结论:

激进的辅助治疗以结合化疗以及盆腔外照射,后续阴道穹隆BT,可以使高级别子宫肉瘤患者获得较高的局部区域控制。且毒性在可接受。应用BT可以逐步降低外照射的剂量,且不增加局部复发风险。但预后的判定仍需依赖高频率的全身复发事件来决定。

点评:

本研究具有回顾性研究的固有偏倚,但是在前瞻性证据缺乏的情况下,该研究为临床对高级别子宫肉瘤采用较为激进的局部治疗——化疗和盆腔外照射后续补充BT提供了证据支持,并为相关的前瞻性研究提供了参考。

原始出处:

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    2017-03-02 chg122
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