Molecular Cell:细胞凋亡关键分子caspase-3 促进癌症发生

2015-04-21 佚名 生物谷

细胞凋亡是多细胞生物细胞死亡的经典途径之一。在早期发育时期,细胞凋亡可以清除那些衰老的,或收到损伤的细胞群体,在后期细胞凋亡可以维持机体的稳态平衡。通常认为细胞凋亡是一类抗癌症的生物过程,因为它会将DNA受损的细胞及时清除。(我们都知道DNA受到损伤是细胞癌变的关键步骤)然而越来越多的证据表明细胞凋亡与癌症发生之间的关系并没有那么简单。一些研究表明细胞凋亡中的关键蛋白能够促进癌症的发生。比如一

细胞凋亡是多细胞生物细胞死亡的经典途径之一。在早期发育时期,细胞凋亡可以清除那些衰老的,或收到损伤的细胞群体,在后期细胞凋亡可以维持机体的稳态平衡。通常认为细胞凋亡是一类抗癌症的生物过程,因为它会将DNA受损的细胞及时清除。(我们都知道DNA受到损伤是细胞癌变的关键步骤)然而越来越多的证据表明细胞凋亡与癌症发生之间的关系并没有那么简单。一些研究表明细胞凋亡中的关键蛋白能够促进癌症的发生。比如一类叫做Fas的死亡受体,小鼠敲除实验证明缺失了Fas的小鼠其癌化效率变慢了。另外一项研究发现在头颈癌以及乳腺癌患者中caspase-3的表达量异常的高,而内在的原因未知。

最近,来自美国杜克大学医学中心皮肤病科的Chuan-Yuan Li课题组在《mocelular cell》发表了他们对于caspase-3在癌变过程中的作用机制的研究。
 
首先,作者使用caspase-3 EGFP报告基因转入人源乳腺表皮细胞MCF10A中。之后通过高强度的辐射使这些细胞DNA受损。结果显示,在照射过后的细胞中出现了高强度的GFP表达,标志着caspase-3的表达。之后,作者通过流式分选的方法将细胞爱找GFP表达强度的不同分为高表达组与低表达组。结果显示,在高表达组中,尽管caspase-3的切割以及细胞色素C的释放是非常强的效应,但这部分细胞却并没有出现任何凋亡的表型。这一结果与我们一贯的认识不同。进一步的辐射与流式分析,作者发现根据辐照强度的不断升高,细胞的caspase-表达量也不断上升。以上这些结果说明非致死性的辐照能够引起caspase-3的表达。
 
以上这一实验结果让作者们不禁要问:究竟辐照后的细胞基因组出现了怎样的变化使得这些细胞对于caspase-3的致死效应不再敏感?作者因此检测了辐照后细胞的基因组变化。结果显示,辐照造成了明显的基因双链断裂(DSB)现象,这这一效应的强度与caspase-3的表达量存在明显的相关性。如果认为将caspase-3的表达量降低后,将会抑制DSB的强度。后续的实验证明了即使在没有凋亡信号存在下,依靠caspase-3的活化也能造成DSB的发生。这些结果共同说明了caspase-3在辐照引起的双链断裂效应中的作用。另外,作者还使用了染色体偏差实验证明了caspase-3介导辐照引起的染色体偏差的效应。
 
之后,作者利用体外的肿瘤生成模型检测了casapse-3对癌症发生的作用。他们将接受辐照并且流式筛选过的不同强度的MCF10A细胞在软胶上自由生长。结果显示:具有高caspase-3的表达量的细胞群落形成速率要高于低表达量细胞群。后续的实验进一步验证了这一结果。此外,作者将野生型与caspase-3敲低型的MCF10A细胞植入裸鼠体内,结果显示野生型细胞形成肿瘤的概率为60%(6/10),而敲低组中没有一例肿瘤形成的例子。
 
由于endo G是caspase-3介导的凋亡信号的关键下游分子。在静息状态下,Endo G停留在线粒体中,而在caspase-3活化后,Endo G进入细胞核执行DNA切割的作用。实验显示,在没有经过辐射时,endo G确实停留在线粒体周围,当收到辐照后,endoG进入细胞核中。而如果认为干涉caspase-3的表达量或活性,将会抑制endoG的入核。后续的shRNA实验证明了endoG对于DSB的重要作用。因此,作者认为endoG可能是caspase-3在肿瘤发生过程中的重要下游效应分子。

原始出处:

Xinjian Liu6, Yujun He6, Fang Li, Qian Huang, Takamitsu A. Kato, Russell P. Hall, Chuan-Yuan Li.Caspase-3 Promotes Genetic Instability and Carcinogenesis. Molecular Cell, April 16, 2015, 58(2):284–296.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2015.03.003 

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    2015-09-05 维他命
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    2015-08-05 gostraight
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959338, encodeId=bcc719593385b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sat Sep 05 07:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2034005, encodeId=fc112034005e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b8d74135dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Caspase#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4135, encryptionId=b8d74135dd, topicName=Caspase)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca20190, createdName=wushaoling, createdTime=Tue Jan 19 15:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1989383, encodeId=cdaa1989383aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7033165e692' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SpA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16576, encryptionId=7033165e692, topicName=SpA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db5b227, createdName=gostraight, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 12:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869087, encodeId=e96f186908e6c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Mon Jun 08 16:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21870, encodeId=7c67218e04f, content=值得参考, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08fc1622451, createdName=chudiyang03, createdTime=Fri Apr 24 12:49:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1340238, encodeId=b3e113402383b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bd5ce780493' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞凋亡#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77804, encryptionId=bd5ce780493, topicName=细胞凋亡)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/EFCEF19303EB52B3F41B30C45995AF2C/100, createdBy=8e712500159, createdName=ms8538335253054589, createdTime=Thu Apr 23 04:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1624741, encodeId=f27c1624e4111, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=411420689333, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Thu Apr 23 04:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-24 chudiyang03

    值得参考

    0

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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959338, encodeId=bcc719593385b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sat Sep 05 07:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2034005, encodeId=fc112034005e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b8d74135dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Caspase#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4135, encryptionId=b8d74135dd, topicName=Caspase)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca20190, createdName=wushaoling, createdTime=Tue Jan 19 15:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1989383, encodeId=cdaa1989383aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7033165e692' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SpA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16576, encryptionId=7033165e692, topicName=SpA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db5b227, createdName=gostraight, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 12:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869087, encodeId=e96f186908e6c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Mon Jun 08 16:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21870, encodeId=7c67218e04f, content=值得参考, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08fc1622451, createdName=chudiyang03, createdTime=Fri Apr 24 12:49:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1340238, encodeId=b3e113402383b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bd5ce780493' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞凋亡#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77804, encryptionId=bd5ce780493, topicName=细胞凋亡)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/EFCEF19303EB52B3F41B30C45995AF2C/100, createdBy=8e712500159, createdName=ms8538335253054589, createdTime=Thu Apr 23 04:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1624741, encodeId=f27c1624e4111, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=411420689333, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Thu Apr 23 04:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-23 yaanren

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