为什么要做阴道超声检查?痛不痛?三甲医院妇产科医生来解疑

2021-06-06 39健康网 39健康网

相对于经腹部的超声检查,大多数情况下医生更推荐经阴道检查。很多已婚的女性都做过经阴道超声检查,但有些人会因为害羞而排斥。

很多已婚的女性都做过经阴道超声检查,但有些人会因为害羞而排斥。为什么相对于经腹部的超声检查,大多数情况下医生更推荐经阴道检查呢?经阴道检查是怎样的一个过程?怎样做才能减轻检查过程中的不适感呢?今天就让南方医院妇产科超声室副主任医师裘毓雯为大家一一解答吧。

检查前需要行排尿、排便准备

经阴道超声检查是将超声探头放置于阴道内,紧贴受检者的子宫颈及阴道穹窿,进而对子宫、卵巢、输卵管以及盆腔其他结构进行检查。南方医院妇产科超声室副主任医师裘毓雯表示,检查前需要进行排尿、排便准备及体位摆放。“充盈的膀胱会占据狭窄的盆腔中的较大空间,压迫子宫或将双侧卵巢推至不便观察的位置;肠道内的大便及气体对超声能量有较强的阻隔效果。因此,在进行阴超检查前,检查者均需排空小便,尽量排空大便。”同时,为了增加探头的可活动范围,阴超检查时常在受检者臀部下方垫一枚枕头以增加高度,枕头上铺有一人一换的垫巾。受检者取仰卧位,臀部放在检查垫上,屈膝屈髋,双足分开踩在床上。检查过程钟,操作医生首先会将一次性避孕套套在阴超探头上,随后将探头放置于阴道,上下左右移动探头,全方位扫查受检者盆腔内的情况。

辅助医生更精准的检查和判断

为什么要做经阴道超声检查呢?裘毓雯解释,经阴道超声探头频率高,分辨率更强,且距离靶器官近,不受腹壁厚度、肠道内气体的影响,尤其对后位子宫、宫腔内病变、卵巢内小占位图像有更好的显示效果。此外,阴超不需受检者充盈膀胱,这也大大缩短了候诊的时间。

但她也表示,经阴道超声检查也有相关的局限性。她解释,子宫切除术后的患者、没有性生活的女性、月经期女性均不适合做阴超检查;阴超探头的频率高,但可扫查到的范围有限,可视范围常在10-12cm左右,因此对于较大的包块,如较大的子宫肌瘤、卵巢肿瘤、盆腔占位性病变等,常需要加做经腹部超声检查进行补充;部分剖腹产术后的受检者,子宫与腹壁粘连紧密,子宫长度多有拉长,即需要更多的超声可视范围,这种情况下根据检查医生的判断决定继续经阴道检查,或改做经腹部的超声检查。除此之外,裘毓雯表示,阴道流血不是阴超的绝对禁忌证,阴超对子宫内膜的观察细节性高于经腹部检查,异常子宫出血也可以是阴超检查的适应证之一;检查过程中,由于阴超探头被置于阴道内而非宫腔内,在早孕期行经阴道超声检查并不会增加胚胎丢失的可能性,并且可以更早的观察到胎芽及胎心搏动。

受检者需放松心情配合医生

在某些病理情况下,如宫外孕破裂、黄体囊肿破裂、卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转、盆腔炎、阴道炎急性期等,受检者会出现疼痛不适的情况。

此外,在一些正常生理情况下受检者也会感到不适。比如阴超探头扫查到卵巢并对卵巢产生压迫时,部分受检者会出现可忍受的酸胀不适。有些受检者子宫前屈或后伸的曲度较大,或肠气等因素干扰观察卵巢,为了充分扫查,检查医师不得不更大角度的抬高或压低探头,此时受检者将会有阴道的不适感。

裘毓雯表示,受检者需要做的是配合医师要求,用双手辅助将臀部垫的更高,或按压腹壁压迫盆腔器官来完成检查。总之,放松心情,排空大小便、配合医生摆好合适的体位,经阴道超声检查确实会让有些女性感到害羞,但却是省时、精准、便捷的辅助检查。

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    2021-06-08 陈吴1239

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