miRNAs肿瘤启动细胞新作用

2012-03-21 张迪 生物通

<DIV style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">来自中山大学,上海交通大学,韩国淑明女子大学等处的研究人员发表了题为“MicroRNA 34c gene down-regulation via DNA methylation promotes self-renewal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast tumor-initiating cells”的文章,报道了一种小分子RNA(microRNAs)在肿瘤启动细胞中的重要作用,这不仅有助于科学家们更深入了解miRNAs的作用机制,而且也有助于拓宽治疗乳腺癌等癌症疾病的研究思路。相关成果公布在JBC杂志上。</DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <DIV style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">文章的通讯作者之一是中山大学附属第二医院宋尔卫教授,另一位通讯作者是韩国淑明女子大学等Jong Hoon Park。文章第一作者是宋尔卫教授研究组的于风燕博士。宋尔卫教授早年毕业于原中山医科大学,2006年被聘为“***”特聘教授。宋尔卫教授主要从事R

来自中山大学,上海交通大学,韩国淑明女子大学等处的研究人员发表了题为“MicroRNA 34c gene down-regulation via DNA methylation promotes self-renewal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast tumor-initiating cells”的文章,报道了一种小分子RNA(microRNAs)在肿瘤启动细胞中的重要作用,这不仅有助于科学家们更深入了解miRNAs的作用机制,而且也有助于拓宽治疗乳腺癌等癌症疾病的研究思路。相关成果公布在JBC杂志上。
 
文章的通讯作者之一是中山大学附属第二医院宋尔卫教授,另一位通讯作者是韩国淑明女子大学等Jong Hoon Park。文章第一作者是宋尔卫教授研究组的于风燕博士。宋尔卫教授早年毕业于原中山医科大学,2006年被聘为“***”特聘教授。宋尔卫教授主要从事RNA干扰在疾病治疗的应用价值研究与巨噬细胞激活状态与疾病关系研究。他在小分子RNA(siRNA)治疗上的论著,两度登上英国《自然》杂志。
 
之前的研究证明,实体恶性肿瘤内存在一小部分成瘤能力强,分化程度低的细胞,这种细胞被称为肿瘤启动细胞(tumor initiating cells),这是一种带有干细胞特性的细胞,因此也被称为癌干细胞(cancer stem cells)。这类细胞具有我更新的能力,多向分化的潜能,以及强大的体内成瘤能力。尽管在癌组织中癌干细胞的数目极少,但是癌干细胞在肿瘤的发生、发展和转移中却发挥了至关重要的作用,而且是肿瘤逃避常规治疗导致最终复发的罪魁祸首。因此消灭癌干细胞才是肿瘤治疗的关键。
 
研究发现小分子RNAs(microRNAs)通过沉默癌基因或者抑癌基因的表达,参与了癌细胞重要细胞生物程序的调控,宋尔卫教授研究组之前曾完成了乳腺癌肿瘤启动细胞的miRNA表达谱,发现肿瘤样品中失调的miRNAs对于这些细胞的自我更新和肿瘤发生具有重要作用,但是具体的机制还并不清楚。
 
在这篇文章中,研究人员证明在乳腺癌肿瘤启动细胞等启动细胞中,一种小分子RNA:miR-34c能进行表达降低,功能减弱。而且这种小分子的异位表达也也能降低乳腺癌肿瘤启动细胞的自我更新能力,抑制上皮至间质的扩散,并通过沉默靶基因Notch4组织癌细胞的转移。
 
通过进一步的分析,研究人员还在miR-34c的启动子区域上找到了一个单甲基化CpG位点——如果另一因子:Sp1减少与DNA的结合,就会抑制乳腺癌肿瘤启动细胞中miR-34c的转录。
 
因此研究人员指出,这一启动子区域通过单甲基化CpG位点的机制,促进了乳腺癌肿瘤启动细胞的自我更新能力,以及上皮至间质的扩散能力,如果针对这一机制进行靶定,也有助于科学家们拓宽治疗乳腺癌等癌症疾病的研究思路。
 
宋尔卫教授研究组曾在《Nature Medicine》发表的文章首次成功地将RNA基因干扰技术应用于保护小鼠爆发性肝炎的模型,2005在《Nature Biotechnology》杂志上,宋尔卫教授在RNAi干扰技术上又迈进了一大步,成功解决了把RNA干扰药物特异性导入体内细胞的难题。这一研究的突出贡献在于作为基因治疗技术的RNA干扰,能够仅作用于癌细胞而不对周围的正常组织细胞产生干扰,这就解决了RNA干扰的一大难题。
 
原始文献:
Yu F, Jiao Y, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Zhu J, Cui X, Liu Y, He Y, Park EY, Zhang H, Lv X, Ma K, Su F, Park JH, Song E. MicroRNA 34c gene down-regulation via DNA methylation promotes self-renewal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast tumor-initiating cells.J Biol Chem. 2012 Jan 2;287(1):465-73.
 

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    2012-11-30 dzx0922889
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    2012-09-11 smallant2002
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    2012-03-23 Homburg
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    2012-03-23 30397609

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