Meta分析和循证医学证据

2013-10-24 MedSci MedSci原创

当前,循证医学已成为临床医学中最热门的话题和最频繁出现的新名词之一。 对于治疗效果的评价,临床研究证据可简要分为五级(可靠性依次降低)。一级:所有随机对照试验(RCT)的系统评价/ Meta 分析。二级:单个样本量足够的RCT。三级:设有对照组但未用随机方法分组的研究。四级:无对照的系列病例观察。五级:专家意见。这种分级有助于决策时判断证据的权重。本文主要介绍一级证据。 “Me

当前,循证医学已成为临床医学中最热门的话题和最频繁出现的新名词之一。

对于治疗效果的评价,临床研究证据可简要分为五级(可靠性依次降低)。一级:所有随机对照试验(RCT)的系统评价/ Meta 分析。二级:单个样本量足够的RCT。三级:设有对照组但未用随机方法分组的研究。四级:无对照的系列病例观察。五级:专家意见。这种分级有助于决策时判断证据的权重。本文主要介绍一级证据。

“Meta-analysis”译作“荟萃分析”,主要用于临床随机对照研究(RCT)结果的综合分析,因为该类型研究的结果最可信。但RCT研究样本一般都太小,以至于不易发现对照组与治疗组实际上存在的差异,荟萃分析合并资料后,样本量增大,把握度提高,可以防止由于样本太小带来的偏差。

Meta分析和一般量化研究的比较
  一般量化研究 Meta分析
选题 针对特定领域的未解决问题的研究 主要针对某个具有争议的问题
目的 通过研究提出和验证解决这个问题的新理论,新方法,新模式 解决争议或发现需要进一步研究的问题点
方法 理论推演;方法设计+实验验证 汇总已有研究的效应值
报告形式 论著 Meta分析论著

怎样看待和使用系统评价或Meta 分析证据?David Sackett 等建议,评价一个有关治疗措施的系统评价主要是看:① 结果是否真实可靠,即是否为随机对照试验的系统评价?是否收集和纳入了所有相关研究?是否对单个试验质量进行了评价?各试验之间的同质性是否好?② 结果是否有意义,即效果的幅度和精确性怎样?根据对系统评价结果真实性和意义的评估可以判断其结论的可靠程度和应用价值。目前国内随机对照试验质量普遍较差,系统评价或Meta 分析所纳入的试验多数质量不高,特别需要指出的是,很多研究都未做到真正的随机分组。这种情况下做系统评价或Meta 分析的重点不应该是描述其结果,而应着重严格评价所纳入试验的质量问题,应告诉读者因为存在质量问题,其结果的可靠性较差,进一步的研究应该注意克服那些问题。只有当所纳入研究的质量较高时,其得出有效或无效的结果才较可信。因此,在当前读者使用系统评价或Meta 分析证据时,首要的问题是看其对纳入研究的质量评价是否严格,如果没有质量评价,这篇系统评价结论的可靠性应受到质疑。

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    2015-05-28 huanhuanpanda

    收益

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=25208, encodeId=1fb725208e7, content=收益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8d41608656, createdName=huanhuanpanda, createdTime=Thu May 28 21:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14680, encodeId=260814680d6, content=谢谢,临床医生应该好好学习流行病学的相关知识,更好的服务于临床, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210704/cdd1076905df433c93873ae6d3d51aef/eae5c73864694494acb8435eb7d2e9bb.jpg, createdBy=ec7b92572, createdName=lshanp, createdTime=Sun Jan 25 05:55:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1895689, encodeId=7a771895689f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Wed Jan 22 21:54:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1887365, encodeId=deb3188e365ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Tue Nov 12 21:54:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1379436, encodeId=f86a13e943636, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f12504e147' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#循证医学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50471, encryptionId=4f12504e147, topicName=循证医学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49cf452, createdName=xsm918, createdTime=Sat Oct 26 03:54:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1449649, encodeId=f0561449649db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0bd850468be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#循证#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50468, encryptionId=0bd850468be, topicName=循证)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fca95510093, createdName=xjy04, createdTime=Sat Oct 26 03:54:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-01-25 lshanp

    谢谢,临床医生应该好好学习流行病学的相关知识,更好的服务于临床

    0

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    2014-01-22 一闲
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    2013-11-12 guojianrong
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    2013-10-26 xjy04

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