Nature:发布新冠患者肺部病理学详细图谱

2021-03-30 Oranhgy MedSci原创

美国威尔康奈尔医学院研究人团队利用先进的技术和分析方法,以单细胞分辨率绘制了重度COVID-19和其他感染性肺部疾病中病变肺组织的细胞分布图。

3月29日,美国威尔康奈尔医学院研究人团队利用先进的技术和分析方法,以单细胞分辨率绘制了重度COVID-19和其他感染性肺部疾病中病变肺组织的细胞分布图。结果在线发表在Nature上。

研究人员对尸体解剖的肺组织进行了成像,同时突出了细胞上的数十种分子标记。利用新型分析工具对这些数据进行分析,揭示了这些肺部疾病损伤原因的新见解,为进一步研究提供了丰富的数据资源。

传统的组织分析,通常使用化学染色剂或标记抗体,在细胞上标记不同的分子,以揭示尸检组织的重要特征。然而,此方法在可以同时标记的功能数量方面受到限制。通常,在保留有关细胞在组织中的位置信息时,通常也不允许对组织中的单个细胞进行详细分析。

研究人员在这项研究中采用的主要技术称为成像质谱分析技术,在很大程度上克服了这些局限性。它使用了一系列金属标记的抗体,可以同时在组织内的细胞上标记多达几十个分子标记。特殊的激光扫描标记的组织切片,使金属标签蒸发,然后检测到金属的不同特征并将其与激光位置相关联。该技术本质上可以精确地绘制样品中细胞的位置以及每个细胞的表面受体和其他重要的识别标记。总共分析了超过65万个细胞。

将这种方法应用于从死于严重COVID-19、急性细菌性肺炎、与细菌或流感相关的急性呼吸窘迫综合征死亡的患者中抽取的19个肺组织样本,以及从无肺部的人身上抽取的4个肺组织样本。

分析得出,COVID-19病例的样本中的发现与已知的疾病知识大体一致,但有了更精细的细节图谱。研究发现,年龄和性别是COVID-19死亡风险的两个主要因素,一旦COVID-19发展到重度阶段,在组织学水平上没有明显差异。

结果还显示,与其他肺部疾病相比,巨噬细胞在重症COVID-19患者的肺部更为丰富,而中性粒细胞在细菌性肺炎中最为普遍,该发现将为未来治疗感染性疾病带来启示,也为COVID-19的疾病过程以及它与其他感染性肺部疾病的不同之处提供了一个精细的画面。

免疫细胞(红色)在导致COVID-19晚期的纤维化(绿色)的细胞附近迁移

事实上,要彻底获悉患者体内病原体(病因)情况和死亡原因,尸检是最好的材料来源。尸体解剖是疑难和新发疾病诊断与研究的最基本和最重要方法,也是“最后诊断”方法。临床诊断对不对?治疗上需要如何改进?尸检及对样本进行相应的检测和诊断,是目前揭示疾病“真相”的最权威手段。

除了病因学和流行病学研究,通过病理解剖检查,可以系统分析疾病的病理改变特征和变化规律,能够发现病因、直接证明病原体(如病毒)在器官、组织中分布和定位,揭示病理改变与影像学、临床表现之间的关系,揭示发病机理,分析直接的死亡原因和诊疗经验教训,提高临床救治水平和防控效果。

该研究正是将尸检与成像质谱分析技术结合,得到细致肺部病理学图像。

原始出处:

André F. Rendeiro, Hiranmayi Ravichandran, Yaron Bram, Vasuretha Chandar, Junbum Kim, Cem Meydan, Jiwoon Park, Jonathan Foox, Tyler Hether, Sarah Warren, Youngmi Kim, Jason Reeves, Steven Salvatore, Christopher E. Mason, Eric C. Swanson, Alain C. Borczuk, Olivier Elemento, Robert E. Schwartz. The spatial landscape of lung pathology during COVID-19 progressionNature, 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03475-6

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    2021-08-28 liye789132251
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    2021-05-15 liuyiqi01

    学习了

    0

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    2021-04-03 ms1000001533276611

    重视科学

    0

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    2021-04-01 jktdtl
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    2021-03-31 ms1000000502953752

    已学习

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    2021-03-30 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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