Nat Genet:发现胆管癌相关基因

2013-11-08 何嫱 生物通

由来自新加坡国立癌症中心、杜克-新加坡国立大学医学研究生院等机构的科学家们组成的一个研究小组,在对胆管癌分子基础的了解上取得了重大的突破性进展。研究人员采用先进的DNA测序技术绘制出了胆管癌中遭受破坏的人类基因完整目录。该研究小组的研究发现有可能促成胆管癌新疗法,并阐明癌症研究中的一些最古老的问题。这项研究工作发表在《自然遗传学》(Nature Genetics)杂志上。 胆管

由来自新加坡国立癌症中心、杜克-新加坡国立大学医学研究生院等机构的科学家们组成的一个研究小组,在对胆管癌分子基础的了解上取得了重大的突破性进展。研究人员采用先进的DNA测序技术绘制出了胆管癌中遭受破坏的人类基因完整目录。该研究小组的研究发现有可能促成胆管癌新疗法,并阐明癌症研究中的一些最古老的问题。这项研究工作发表在《自然遗传学》(Nature Genetics)杂志上。

胆管癌是一种罕见但却高致命性的肝癌类型,是由于肝脏中负责将胆汁排放进入肠道的胆管失控性生长所致。在大多数国家,胆管癌被视作是一种罕见的癌症,而在泰国东北部及邻近的老挝等一些国家胆管癌的发病率正在不断上升,患者易受到肝吸虫感染是导致胆管癌在这一区域广泛存在的原因。其他的一些胆管癌潜在原因还包括胆管炎、先天性囊肿、肝炎以及肝结石。由于这一疾病不可治愈,5年生存率为5%,诊断患胆管癌的患者预后极差。

新的潜在治疗途径

通过研究来自新加坡、泰国和罗马尼亚的胆管癌,该研究小组确定了几个基因反复遭受破坏导致了胆管癌形成。重要的是,这些基因控制的细胞信号通路为胆管癌提供了一些新的潜在治疗途径。其中一个叫做BAP1参与了DNA解包装,目前有一些靶向这一过程的药物,称之为染色质修饰药物正在研发当中。Teh Bin Tean教授说:“尽管还需要开展进一步的研究,这或许为鉴别哪些胆管癌患者有可能从染色质修饰药物中受益铺平了道路。”

研究结果还增进了我们对于癌症形成机制的基本认识。Steve Rozen教授说:“在癌症研究中一个了解甚少的问题是,将不同的致癌物施加于相同的癌症类型是否会引起同样的基因组遭到破坏,或是不同的致癌物会导致不同类型的基因遭到破坏。”

研究小组认为可以利用胆管癌来解答这些问题,因为这些癌症在世界的不同地区是由接触不同的致癌物所引起。他们发现尽管来自泰国、新加坡和罗马尼亚的胆管癌在传统显微镜下看起来非常相似,但事实上在分子水平上它们极其的不同。这提供了第一个关键的证据表明,不同类型的致癌物接触尽管作用于相同的组织类型,却与不同的基因组破坏有关。这些研究发现也具有实际应用意义。

Patrick Tan教授说:“基于这些研究结果,调查患者的癌症以及检测遭受破坏的基因类型,有可能能够推断出致癌的原因。”这样的信息对于癌症预防工作具有重要的影响。

这一新加坡研究小组针对亚洲流行的癌症展开基因组分析,发表了一系列备受瞩目的研究论文。这篇新论文是最近期的一项研究成果。在今年8月,该研究小组还报告称在台湾流行的一种特殊的尿道癌,是由于存在于某些草药中的一种致癌物所引起。

原文出处:

Chan-On W, Nairismägi ML, Ong CK, Lim WK, Dima S, Pairojkul C, Lim KH, McPherson JR, Cutcutache I, Heng HL, Ooi L, Chung A, Chow P, Cheow PC, Lee SY, Choo SP, Tan IB, Duda D, Nastase A, Myint SS, Wong BH, Gan A, Rajasegaran V, Ng CC, Nagarajan S, Jusakul A, Zhang S, Vohra P, Yu W, Huang D, Sithithaworn P, Yongvanit P, Wongkham S, Khuntikeo N, Bhudhisawasdi V, Popescu I, Rozen SG, Tan P, Teh BT.Exome sequencing identifies distinct mutational patterns in liver fluke-related and non-infection-related bile duct cancers.Nat Genet. 2013 Nov 3. doi: 10.1038/ng.2806. 


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    2014-02-21 canlab
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    2013-11-21 cy0324
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    2014-05-23 liye789132251
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