JASN:揭示人工肾脏开发的重大进展

2013-05-06 T.Shen 生物谷

随着世界范围内出现肾脏移植病人所需肾脏的短缺现象,研究者开始着手从病人自身细胞或者其它途径来开发新型的人工肾脏,刊登在国际杂志Journal of the American Society of Nephrology上的一项研究揭示了研究者开发人工肾脏的一些情况,人工肾脏的开发或许肾衰竭患者的肾脏移植带来更多选择和希望,而且为研究者深入研究肾脏疾病及相关疗法带来帮助。 研究者可以从肾脏胚胎细胞的

随着世界范围内出现肾脏移植病人所需肾脏的短缺现象,研究者开始着手从病人自身细胞或者其它途径来开发新型的人工肾脏,刊登在国际杂志Journal of the American Society of Nephrology上的一项研究揭示了研究者开发人工肾脏的一些情况,人工肾脏的开发或许肾衰竭患者的肾脏移植带来更多选择和希望,而且为研究者深入研究肾脏疾病及相关疗法带来帮助。

研究者可以从肾脏胚胎细胞的普通悬液中制造出和不成熟的肾脏非常相似的肾脏组织,但是实验室研究并不能使得这些肾脏组织变得更加成熟,因为肾脏复杂的过滤单位在没有血液足够供给的情况下并不能形成。

如今,来自马里奥药学研究所的研究者利用单一的肾脏细胞悬液,首次构建出了“类器官”,其可以整合入动物的活体组织,并且携带有肾脏功能,包括血液过滤及分子重吸收的功能。研究者成功的关键在于其可以将这种类器官浸泡在包含各种分子的溶液中,而这种溶液可以促进血管的形成。当类器官移植入肾脏中后,将这些分子注入受体动物机体内,这种类器官便可以继续发育成熟,而且在植入后的3周到4周时间内保持功能和活性。

研究者Xinaris说,构建功能性的肾脏组织从单一细胞的悬液开始,这代表人工肾脏组织开发成功的一步,其可以为研究者和临床疗法提供一定的方法学。比如,疾病相关的基因可以被引入类器官中来帮助研究者研究肾脏疾病的发病机制以及靶向药物新型疗法的开发等。

In Vivo Maturation of Functional Renal Organoids Formed from Embryonic Cell Suspensions

The shortage of transplantable organs provides an impetus to develop tissue-engineered alternatives. Producing tissues similar to immature kidneys from simple suspensions of fully dissociated embryonic renal cells is possible in vitro, but glomeruli do not form in the avascular environment. Here, we constructed renal organoids from single-cell suspensions derived from E11.5 kidneys and then implanted these organoids below the kidney capsule of a living rat host. This implantation resulted in further maturation of kidney tissue, formation of vascularized glomeruli with fully differentiated capillary walls, including the slit diaphragm, and appearance of erythropoietin-producing cells. The implanted tissue exhibited physiologic functions, including tubular reabsorption of macromolecules, that gained access to the tubular lumen on glomerular filtration. The ability to generate vascularized nephrons from single-cell suspensions marks a significant step to the long-term goal of replacing renal function by a tissue-engineered kidney.

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