J Antimicrob Chemother:根除幽门螺杆菌,14天序贯疗法vs 10天四联疗法

2018-09-20 徐钰琦 环球医学

幽门螺杆菌感染是胃癌和消化性溃疡的重要致病因素。近年来,随着抗菌药物的滥用,细菌耐药性日益普遍,根除幽门螺杆菌正变得愈来愈艰难。增加抗菌药物种类、延长治疗时间和使用更高剂量的质子泵抑制(PPI),或可提高幽门螺杆菌的根除率,但现实是否如此,仍未可知。

幽门螺杆菌感染癌和消化性溃疡的重要致病因素。近年来,随着抗菌药物的滥用,细菌耐药性日益普遍,根除幽门螺杆菌正变得愈来愈艰难。增加抗菌药物种类、延长治疗时间和使用更高剂量的质子泵抑制(PPI),或可提高幽门螺杆菌的根除率,但现实是否如此,仍未可知。

为此,研究人员进行了一项多中心、非劣效性、随机试验,考察了幽门螺杆菌的一线和二线治疗中,14天序贯疗法vs 10天铋剂四联疗法的疗效,两种疗法均包含高剂量埃索美拉唑。研究结果2018年9月发表于《J Antimicrob Chemother》。

研究者招募了620名(年龄≥20岁)幽门螺杆菌感染成人患者,且在参与这项多中心、开放性、随机试验时为初次进行治疗。患者被随机分配至接受14天序贯疗法或10天铋剂四联疗法,两组均包含埃索美拉唑,40 mg每日两次。14天序贯治疗失败的患者,将接受10天铋剂四联的补救治疗,反之亦然。主要结局是一线治疗根除率。确定抗菌药物敏感性。

研究结果,ITT分析中,14天序贯疗法和10天铋剂四联疗法的根除率分别是91.3%和91.6%;

10天铋剂四联疗法的不良反应频率显著高于14天序贯疗法74.4% vs 36.7%;P?<?0.0001);

在有和无23S核糖体RNA突变的菌株中,14天序贯疗法的根除率分别是80%和99%。

结果表明,优化的14天序贯疗法不劣于10天铋剂四联疗法,而且耐受性更好,两种疗法均可用于低至中度克拉霉素耐药人群的一线治疗。

目前,在随机对照试验(RCTs)中,都将10天序贯治疗广泛地与各种治疗时间延长的三联治疗和同步治疗相比较。近期的一些临床试验及meta分析表明,10天序贯疗法比7天或10天三联疗法更有效,但并不优于14天三联疗法。

此外,10天序贯治疗的疗效优于5天同步治疗,类似于7天同步治疗,但劣于10天同步治疗。因此,最新的共识均不推荐使用10天的序贯治疗。本研究显示在台湾克拉霉素耐药率为15%的情况下,优化的14天序贯疗法与铋剂四联疗法均可以达到较高的根除率(>90%),结果显示将疗程延长至14天和高剂量PPI会一定程度地增加其有效性,可能适用于低至中度克拉霉素耐药的地区。

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    2019-06-25 风铃830
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    2019-03-11 xjy02
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