Gastroenterology:纤维化减轻慢性胰腺炎急性发作严重程度

2013-09-26 佚名 丁香园

研究要点:该项研究旨在明确胰腺内脂肪堆积量及纤维化是否在减缓慢性胰腺炎疾病进展及减轻急性发作时严重程度的过程中发挥作用。 在研究中作者采用了多种定量和形态学的研究方法对急性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎急性发作患者以及对照患者的尸解胰腺标本进行分析,并在体外对脂肪细胞、胰腺腺泡细胞以及I型胶原之间的相互作用进行了研究。【原文下载】 研究证实纤维化可有效减轻慢性胰腺炎患者急性发作的严重程度,对胰

研究要点:该项研究旨在明确胰腺内脂肪堆积量及纤维化是否在减缓慢性胰腺炎疾病进展及减轻急性发作时严重程度的过程中发挥作用。

在研究中作者采用了多种定量和形态学的研究方法对急性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎急性发作患者以及对照患者的尸解胰腺标本进行分析,并在体外对脂肪细胞、胰腺腺泡细胞以及I型胶原之间的相互作用进行了研究。【原文下载

研究证实纤维化可有效减轻慢性胰腺炎患者急性发作的严重程度,对胰腺腺泡坏死起到了保护作用。

急性胰腺炎和慢性胰腺炎有着相似的病因学,但是急性胰腺炎发病程度更严重并有着更高的死亡率。本项研究对慢性胰腺炎的发病特征及其能够对抗疾病恶性发展的机制进行了探讨。在肥胖患者中胰腺脂肪堆积较多,且慢性胰腺炎患者中纤维化情况更为明显。所以本项研究目的在于了解纤维化及脂肪堆积的作用。

德国匹兹堡大学Passavant医学中心Chathur acharya博士等人检索了匹兹堡大学医学中心及长老会医院尸体解剖数据库中诊断为急性胰腺炎(n=23)、慢性胰腺炎(n= 35)、慢性胰腺炎急性发作(n =15)患者的数据(1998-2008)。从上述患者及随机挑选的50名对照患者(没有胰腺疾病的患者)中取得胰腺组织学样本进行分析,将其中胰腺内脂肪含量数据与CT检查结果相关联。

体外实验中,作者在有或无I型胶原存在的情况下,利用Transwell系统(小室迁移系统)将脂肪细胞与胰腺腺泡细胞进行共培养,以研究纤维化对脂肪细胞-胰腺腺泡细胞之间相互作用的影响,同时也研究了非酯化脂肪酸(游离脂肪酸)和脂肪细胞分泌因子对胰腺腺泡细胞培养的影响。

结果发现,肥胖患者人群中,慢性胰腺炎患者胰腺脂肪堆积量较对照组明显增加。在慢性胰腺炎患者及慢性胰腺炎急性发作患者中,胰腺内脂肪区域周围有明显的纤维环绕,这一现象较对照组及急性胰腺炎组患者更为明显。

急性胰腺炎患者的胰腺坏死大多是脂肪坏死相关的脂肪周围胰腺腺泡坏死(以游离脂肪酸溢出为标志)。然而在慢性胰腺炎或慢性胰腺炎急性发作患者中,腺泡细胞周围脂肪坏死以及总的坏死量及程度都明显下降。纤维化在坏死脂肪组织周围形成了“墙壁”样的组织局限并减少了脂肪组织周围胰腺腺泡细胞的坏死。

在体外,I型胶原限制了腺泡细胞和脂肪细胞之间的脂肪分解通量,减少了在腺泡小室内脂肪细胞释放的相关脂肪因子的产生。尽管是游离脂肪酸而不是脂肪因子造成腺泡细胞坏死,但这一作用有效减少了腺泡细胞的坏死。

依据慢性胰腺炎、急性胰腺炎以及慢性胰腺炎急性发作患者胰腺样本的分析以及体外实验,作者推断出纤维化能够通过影响脂肪细胞和胰腺腺泡细胞之间的脂肪分解通量有效的减轻慢性胰腺炎患者急性发作期疾病的严重程度和进展速度。

研究背景:多项研究表明,体重指数超过30kg/m2的肥胖急性胰腺炎患者死亡率更高。存在内脏脂肪堆积的急性胰腺炎患者胰腺实质损害包括了胰腺腺泡细胞周围的脂肪细胞坏死。在慢性胰腺炎患者中也存在脂肪细胞堆积的情况。然而慢性胰腺炎患者中却很少有并发急性重症胰腺炎甚至导致死亡的情况。由此可见胰腺内脂肪堆积对急性胰腺炎患者和慢性胰腺炎(包括慢性胰腺炎急性发作)的患者有着不同的影响。

急性胰腺炎和慢性胰腺炎有着类似的病因学。也有研究指出急性胰腺炎-反复发作的急性胰腺炎-慢性胰腺炎是一个序列演进过程。慢性胰腺炎的病程长,在疾病持续过程中,反复多次的急性发作导致胰腺出现萎缩、纤维化、脂肪细胞取代胰腺腺泡细胞,但在慢性胰腺炎中很少见到有胰腺组织大面积坏死的情况,这一点又与急性胰腺炎不同。

两者之间存在此种差异的机制尚不明确。有学者认为,是因为慢性胰腺炎患者腺泡细胞团数目少所引起。但在胰腺腺泡细胞数目和淀粉酶水平都较成人低的儿童和青少年中也有着与成人相同的情况。而慢性胰腺炎患者中存在纤维化也被认为是减轻慢性胰腺炎患者急性发作严重程度的原因之一。

原文下载

Acharya C, Cline RA, Jaligama D, Noel P, Delany JP, Bae K, Furlan A, Baty CJ, Karlsson JM, Rosario BL, Patel K, Mishra V, Dugampudi C, Yadav D, Navina S, Singh VP.Fibrosis reduces severity of acute-on-chronic pancreatitis in humans.Gastroenterology. 2013 Aug;145(2):466-75.

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    2014-05-13 许安
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