我国首例阻断重度遗传性耳聋第三代试管婴儿诞生

2015-02-10 罗国金 尹自芳 高媛 医学论坛网

讯(罗国金 尹自芳 高媛)1月29日19点43分,随着解放军总医院产房内传来一阵清亮的啼哭声,我国首例成功阻断重度遗传性耳聋第三代试管婴儿顺利诞生,经听力筛查完全具备正常听力,实现了聋哑防治从二、三级防控到一级预防的里程碑式的跨越。此项研究由解放军总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科王秋菊教授和山东大学附属生殖医院生殖医学首席专家陈子江教授联合开展,华大基因天津研发团队和解放军总医院妇产科、超声诊断

(罗国金 尹自芳 高媛)1月29日19点43分,随着解放军总医院产房内传来一阵清亮的啼哭声,我国首例成功阻断重度遗传性耳聋第三代试管婴儿顺利诞生,经听力筛查完全具备正常听力,实现了聋哑防治从二、三级防控到一级预防的里程碑式的跨越。此项研究由解放军总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科王秋菊教授和山东大学附属生殖医院生殖医学首席专家陈子江教授联合开展,华大基因天津研发团队和解放军总医院妇产科、超声诊断科等相关机构,历时18个月完成。

此名新生儿父母来自河北农村,均为我国遗传性耳聋的常见致病基因GJB2携带者,第一胎男婴因重度遗传性耳聋实施了人工耳蜗植入术,第二胎男婴又被确诊为遗传性耳聋,被迫选择终止妊娠。这对夫妇强烈渴望拥有一个具有健康听力的宝宝,阻断家族中的聋哑厄运。2013年8月,他们慕名来到解放军总医院求诊,该院王秋菊教授与山东大学附属生殖医院陈子江教授团队等合力攻关,应用胚胎植入前遗传学诊断(PGD)联合无创产前单体型分析遗传性耳聋基因技术帮助他们实现了这一梦想。

课题组研究人员运用这项研究成果先后对这对夫妇的8枚胚胎进行胚胎植入前的耳聋基因诊断,又在胚胎成功着床后应用目前先进的NIFTY无创筛查方法对胎儿进行唐氏筛查,完成了单体型分析胎儿基因型检测,并在胎儿孕19周时对羊水细胞进行了基因检测,在经历了胚胎未着床、胎儿不稳等曲折过程后,终于迎来这名具有健康听力新生儿的诞生。

据悉,我国每1000名新生儿中就有一位因耳聋基因缺陷而致的先天性耳聋患者。产前诊断预防耳聋对于减少出生人口缺陷、优化人口质量具有十分重要的意义。解放军总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科王秋菊教授是国家973项目首席科学家,也是我国新生儿听力及基因联合筛查的提出者和倡导者,致力于遗传性耳聋发生机制及聋病预防预警的基础研究与临床应用。她带领的团队获得了多项国家级课题资助,建立了具有自主知识产权的临床听力学信息化聋病资源库,推进了聋病分子遗传机制的系列研究,在国际上首次发现了Y连锁遗传性耳聋,新发现了6个耳聋新基因座,鉴定了DFNY1, TNC,DFNC1以及AUNX1新基因,设计完成了307个耳聋相关基因芯片,绘制完成了首个中国听神经病致病基因图谱,提出了基因型与表型相关的的定位分型诊断,特别是率先提出和实施了新生儿听力及基因联合筛查的规模化聋病预警新模式,发现了新生儿中致聋基因的携带率高达56‰,并将联合筛查理念推广应用至全国111个市县。

山东大学附属生殖医院是国内首批通过卫计委技术准入的可开展人类辅助生殖技术的13家医疗机构之一,该院首席专家陈子江教授创立应用了一系列辅助生殖技术,其中宫腔镜配子移植术、PCOS超声微创治疗术等在国内外均为首创,试管婴儿技术成功率达到55%以上,处于国际先进水平。

王秋菊教授同陈子江教授联合领衔开展的此项研究,将产前基因诊断、妊娠期外周血筛查及新生儿听力筛查的三级防控融入围产保健,变被动预防为孕前基因筛查综合防控,建立了可复制的产前排除遗传性耳聋的技术模式,为我国2780万耳聋患者预防性优生带来了福音。


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    2015-09-03 ying_wu
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    2015-02-16 windmilL1989

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