AIM:新型口服抗凝药对ACS患者没有临床净获益

2012-09-28 网络 网络

  匈牙利学者发表的一项新的荟萃分析显示,新型口服抗凝药物对已接受抗血小板药物的急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者没有临床净获益。主要研究者András Komócsi医生说:“ACS患者是非常虚弱的人群,双联抗血小板治疗基础上增加口服抗凝药物益处很小,且导致了出血率不可接受地升高。”该研究在线发表于2012年9月24日《内科学年鉴》杂志。在伴随评论中,克里夫兰诊所Adrian V Hernandez医

  匈牙利学者发表的一项新的荟萃分析显示,新型口服抗凝药物对已接受抗血小板药物的急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者没有临床净获益。主要研究者András Komócsi医生说:“ACS患者是非常虚弱的人群,双联抗血小板治疗基础上增加口服抗凝药物益处很小,且导致了出血率不可接受地升高。”该研究在线发表于2012年9月24日《内科学年鉴》杂志。在伴随评论中,克里夫兰诊所Adrian V Hernandez医生表示大致认同:获益被风险所抵消,ACS患者常规应用新型口服抗凝药没有获得认可。

  新型抗凝药物包括Xa因子抑制剂立伐沙班和阿哌沙班以及直接凝血酶抑制剂达比加群,它们作为房颤患者的华法林替代药物具有良好的疗效,可以用于深静脉血栓(VTE),但应用于ACS患者却困难重重,因为抗凝血剂基础上加抗凝新药使得出血风险非常高。

  ACS使用抗凝新药的首个III期临床试验——APPRAISE-2试验(研究药物是阿哌沙班)因为出血率增加被早期终止,但是之后进行的ATLAS ACS 2 TIMI 51试验似能证实立伐沙班可以用于ACS,但是美国FDA心血管与肾脏药物顾问委员会反对立伐沙班用于ACS,因为该试验数据有缺失。所以,抗凝新药用于ACS的前途暂时仍然未卜。

  Komócsi和同事荟萃的7项前瞻性随机安慰剂对照研究发表于2000.1~2011.12,共评价31,000例ACS抗血小板治疗并且使用Xa因子抑制剂或直接凝血酶抑制剂的效果。其中5项研究是剂量研究,主要终点是安全性,2项是大型III期试验(APPRAISE-2和ATLAS-ACS 2 TIMI 51)。根据荟萃分析结果,新型口服抗凝药用于ACS抗血小板治疗患者与主要出血显着增加3倍有关(比值比3.03; P<0.001)。研究者还观察到支架血栓风险或复合缺血事件明显减少,但总死亡率方面没有明显获益,新型抗凝治疗的净临床获益不优于安慰剂(比值比0.98; P=0.57)。“患者的抗凝系统抑制可以说已经达到极限,我们必须认清出血和缺血之间微妙的平衡关系。”Komócsi评论道。

  Hernandez提到了该分析的一些局限,例如将死亡而非心血管死亡作为终点,并且是相对风险减少,而非绝对风险减少。纵然如此,他仍认为荟萃分析的结论是可靠的。但是,新型口服抗凝药物是否对ACS特殊人群有益,还需要开展试验来评价。新型口服抗凝药物在不稳定型心绞痛、ST段抬高心肌梗死和非ST段抬高心梗患者之间的作用差异还不明确,而且,迄今还没有新型口服抗凝药对使用普拉格雷或替格瑞洛接受PCI或有抗凝指征(如癌症、二尖瓣狭窄、机械瓣或者有卒中史无房颤)ACS患者的数据资料。

  Komócsi认为可能从新型口服抗凝药物获益的最大亚组是ACS合并AF的患者,该项荟萃分析的几项关键性研究都没有纳入房颤患者,他估计ACS合并AF占ACS总数的9%~11%。其他可能获益的亚组人群还有置入瓣膜和有肺动脉血栓史继发ACS的患者,但是数量相对较少。

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    2012-09-30 yaanren
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