TAMD:系统性红斑狼疮侵袭性真菌感染的流行病学和风险

2022-02-01 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

侵袭性真菌感染(IFIs)是严重的并发症,患者存在死亡率高、免疫力低下,如血液恶性肿瘤患者、器官移植、人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合症,或重要的疾病。

背景:侵袭性真菌感染(IFIs)是严重的并发症,患者存在死亡率高、免疫力低下,如血液恶性肿瘤患者、器官移植、人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合症,或重要的疾病。IFIs的诊断是基于深部组织或正常无菌部位存在真菌病原体。假丝酵母属、曲霉属和隐球菌属是引起人类IFIs的三大病原体宿主对这些真菌感染的防御取决于先天免疫和适应性免疫,特别是中性粒细胞和T细胞免疫。系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种累及多系统的慢性自身免疫性疾病。感染是SLE患者的主要并发症和死亡原因。除了疾病作为一种内在因素外,使用糖皮质激素或免疫抑制剂等药物治疗也会损害SLE患者的宿主防御机制,中性粒细胞表现出吞噬能力下降和对白细胞介素-8、11和CD4+ T辅助细胞(Th)的低反应性,随着细胞凋亡增加而功能障碍,自然杀伤细胞和naïve B细胞数量的减少可能促进SLE患者的宿主防御受损。

尽管细菌和病毒是SLE患者最常见的病原体,但由于应用了敏感的诊断方法,IFIs越来越多地被发现。在实体器官移植受者中,类固醇和免疫抑制剂的使用是一个公认的IFIs的危险因素;然而,SLE患者IFIs的危险因素尚不清楚。系统回顾182项研究,包括393例SLE和IFIs患者,发现其高死亡率为50.9%;但16项研究中,由于每项研究的病例数量有限,很难确定IFIs的实际发病率和危险因素。台湾全民健康保险研究资料库(NHIRD)提供全国范围内全面而不间断的医学资讯,可用于流行病学研究。

方法:1997年至2012年诊断为SLE的患者从台湾国家健康保险研究数据库中登记,年龄和性别匹配的非SLE对照,比例为1:10。IFIs是根据《国际疾病分类》第九版、临床修改代码确定的,并通过系统抗真菌药物处方进行验证。分析IFIs及其亚型的发病率(IR)、发病率比(IRR)和全因死亡率。采用时间相关的Cox多变量回归模型分析IFIs的独立危险因素。

结果:共纳入24,541例SLE患者和245,410例非SLE对照组。我们在SLE队列中观察到445例IFI发作,全因死亡率为26.7%。念珠菌为最常见病原菌(52.8%),其次为隐球菌(18.2%)和曲霉(18.2%)。SLE队列中IFIs的IR为20.83 / 10,000人年,相对于非SLE对照组,IRR为11.1[95%可信区间(CI): 9.8-12.6]。⩽18岁的青少年SLE患者的IRR最高,为47.2 (95% CI: 26.9-86.8)。在60天内给予静脉类固醇治疗(风险比:29.11,95% CI: 23.30 - 36.37)是总体IFIs和三种主要真菌病原体中最关键的危险因素。不同IFI亚型的危险因素不同。

图1 系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者和非SLE对照组侵袭性真菌感染、念珠菌病、隐球菌病和曲霉病的发病率和发病率比。

图2系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者和按年龄分层的非SLE患者侵袭性真菌感染的累积发生率。

表1 SLE患者从SLE诊断到IFI的中位时间[月(IQR)]。

表2 SLE患者IFIs危险因素的多因素Cox回归分析

结论:SLE患者IFIs的发生风险较高,尤其是青少年患者。静脉类固醇治疗是IFIs最关键的危险因素。本研究为系统性红斑狼疮中IFIs的风险分层提供了重要信息。

原文出处: Su CF,  Lai CC,  Li TH,et al.Epidemiology and risk of invasive fungal infections in systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide population-based cohort study.Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2021;13

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    2022-01-30 zhty5337
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    2022-01-30 zhaojie88
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    2022-01-30 sunyl07
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    2022-01-30 zhouqu_8

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