JACC:新型口服抗凝药预防房颤患者卒中有差异

2012-08-15 不详 网络

    《美国心脏病学会杂志》8月刊发的一项间接比较分析显示,达比加群、利伐沙班和阿哌沙班这3种新型口服抗凝药,用于房颤患者预防卒中时的相对疗效和安全性存在一些差异。不过,研究者认为这3种药物的相似性大于差异性,并且未建议临床医生根据这些差异在3者中做取舍(J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2012;60:738-46)。   

    《美国心脏病学会杂志》8月刊发的一项间接比较分析显示,达比加群、利伐沙班和阿哌沙班这3种新型口服抗凝药,用于房颤患者预防卒中时的相对疗效和安全性存在一些差异。不过,研究者认为这3种药物的相似性大于差异性,并且未建议临床医生根据这些差异在3者中做取舍(J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2012;60:738-46)。
    这项分析由英国伯明翰大学的Gregory Y.H. Lip博士及其同事进行,采用的数据来自纳入50,000多例患者的多项Ⅲ期随机对照研究,这些研究分别将这3种药物中的某1种(其中达比加群有2种不同剂量:150 mg b.i.d.和110 mg b.i.d.)与华法林进行比较。
    总体而言,分析显示这些新型药物明显优于华法林。与使用华法林的患者相比,使用新型药物的患者发生卒中或全身性栓塞的风险降低21%;卒中风险降低23%;出血性卒中风险降低53%;全因死亡风险降低12%;大出血风险降低13%。
    阿哌沙班与任一剂量的达比加群之间,以及利伐沙班与达比加群110 mg之间,均无显着疗效差异。达比加群150 mg对部分终点的疗效(卒中或全身性栓塞风险降低26%,出血性卒中风险降低56%)优于利伐沙班。
    在安全性终点方面也观察到一些显着差异。阿哌沙班组的大出血风险比利伐沙班组低34%,比达比加群150 mg组低26%,但与达比加群110 mg组相比无显着差异。与利伐沙班组相比,达比加群110 mg组的大出血风险降低23%,颅内出血风险降低54%。
    该分析的局限性在于并非直接比较,并且无法校正不同研究人群的人口学因素和卒中风险,而且也无法解释不同研究之间在华法林对照方面的差异(一些研究的平均治疗窗内时间优于另一些研究)。
    研究者表示,尽管间接比较分析仍被视为可靠的统计学工具,但只有直接比较才能全面回答这些新药用于房颤患者预防卒中的疗效/安全性差异问题。
    随刊述评:必须非常谨慎地看待研究结果
    波士顿布里格姆妇女医院的Christopher P. Cannon博士和加州大学旧金山分校的Payal Kohli博士指出,在解读此类分析结果时应非常谨慎,并且该分析的结果颇令人困惑。例如,该分析显示各药在心肌梗死发生率方面无显着差异,然而具体分析各项研究时却发现,达比加群组的心肌梗死发生率高于华法林组,而利伐沙班组或阿哌沙班组与华法林组相比无此结果。这些不一致的结果提示,此类间接比较方法的准确性欠佳,所观察到的差异缺乏鲁棒性,不足以用于指导临床治疗。只有直接比较得出的证据才具有临床指导意义(J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2012;60:747-8)。

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    2013-05-26 hbwxf
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