Cell:骨骼信号影响大脑发育

2013-09-30 koo 生物

日前,来自哥伦比亚大学医学中心(CUMC)等机构的研究人员发现,骨骼通过骨源性的激素骨钙素(osteocalcin),对于成年小鼠出生前大脑发育以及诸如学习、记忆、焦虑和抑郁等认知功能产生了强有力的影响。来自于这一小鼠研究的结果有可能促成预防和治疗神经系统疾病的新方法。相关研究论文刊登在了近期出版的《细胞》(Cell)杂志上。 研究人员表示,大脑通常被视作是一个可影响身体其他器官及部位的器官

日前,来自哥伦比亚大学医学中心(CUMC)等机构的研究人员发现,骨骼通过骨源性的激素骨钙素(osteocalcin),对于成年小鼠出生前大脑发育以及诸如学习、记忆、焦虑和抑郁等认知功能产生了强有力的影响。来自于这一小鼠研究的结果有可能促成预防和治疗神经系统疾病的新方法。相关研究论文刊登在了近期出版的《细胞》(Cell)杂志上。 【原文下载】

研究人员表示,大脑通常被视作是一个可影响身体其他器官及部位的器官,但却很少有人将它视为是一个接受来自其他地方,尤其是来自骨骼的信号的接收器。

早先的研究已证实大脑是骨量增长的一个强大的抑制者。这一效应如此强大,让科学家不禁提出了一个疑问:“是否有骨信号回到大脑来限制这一负面影响?”“如果是这样的话,那么它利用了什么信号并且这些信号是如何发挥作用的?”

这组研究人员近期发现了一种由成骨细胞分泌的激素:骨钙素。他们怀疑这一激素有可能参与了这一从骨向脑发送的信号。早先的研究已经证实,骨钙素影响了如能量消耗、葡萄糖平衡和男性生育多种过程。由于大多数的激素影响了广泛的生理过程,因此假设骨钙素的内分泌功能比已知的更加广泛,是合理的。

为了确定骨钙素是否确实在大脑中发挥了作用,研究人员通过遗传工程构建出了无法生成骨钙素的“无骨钙素”小鼠并对其进行了研究。利用这些小鼠,他们明确证实了骨钙素能够跨越血脑屏障;结合到脑干、中脑和海马(负责学习和记忆的大脑区域)中的神经元上;促进了神经元生成;提高了几种神经递质,包括5-羟色胺、多巴胺和儿茶酚胺的合成。他们还发现无骨钙素小鼠的海马异常的小。

随后研究人员猜测,神经递质合成的改变应该改变了动物的行为。在一系列的行为测试中,他们证实无骨钙素小鼠相比正常小鼠焦虑及抑郁样行为增加,学习及记忆受损。

这些改变与在老龄化人群中看到的改变相似。Karsenty博士说:“随着衰老,我们的骨量减少,骨钙素的生成有可能也是如此。我们现正针对这一点展开研究。不难想象,提高骨钙素水平或是刺激骨钙素受体的治疗,可能有助于对抗衰老及阿尔茨海默氏症等衰老相关疾病对认知的影响。”

研究人员表示,当将骨钙素注入到成年无骨钙素小鼠体内时,它们的焦虑和抑郁减轻,但注入骨钙素不会影响学习和记忆或是海马的大小。这令人感到困惑,因此科学家做了另外一个实验:在出生后敲除骨钙素。这些小鼠显示焦虑和抑郁,但记忆和海马结构却正常。两项试验的结果表明了,骨钙素一定在发育过程中发挥了作用。这促使科学家们开展了第二部分的研究。

在随后的实验中,研究人员证实骨钙素通过胎盘从母亲处进入胎儿体内,这一母源骨钙素库是海马形成和建立记忆的必要条件。最后,他们证实,对妊娠期间的无骨钙素雌鼠一天一次注射骨钙素,可以防止它们的后代出现行为异常。

研究人员表示,这一研究结果可以解释从孩子身上观察到的一些效应,正如无骨钙素小鼠一样,一些营养不良的母亲生出的孩子具有极高频率形成代谢和精神疾病。营养不良降低了骨细胞的活性,因此营养不良母亲的骨量低,影响了骨钙素生出。这对于当今的发展中国家具有一点的临床意义,在这些国家母亲营养不良仍然常见。

但科学家也指出,与骨钙素相关的治疗仍然离我们有数年之遥。

原文下载

Franck Oury, Lori Khrimian, Christine A. Denny, Antoine Gardin, Alexandre Chamouni, Nick Goeden, Yung-yu Huang, Hojoon Lee, Prashanth Srinivas, Xiao-Bing Gao, Shigetomo Suyama, Thomas Langer, John. J. Mann, Tamas L. Horvath, Alexandre Bonnin, Gerard Karsenty. Maternal and Offspring Pools of Osteocalcin Influence Brain Development and Functions. Cell, 26 September 2013; DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.042

 

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1958927, encodeId=0d7b195892e79, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Mon Sep 30 20:30:00 CST 2013, time=2013-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950506, encodeId=3c7e1950506d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=24aa84e7146' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84771, encryptionId=24aa84e7146, topicName=脑发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8ebc122, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Wed Aug 27 12:30:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1868688, encodeId=13801868688ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu May 08 13:30:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347003, encodeId=46e8134e003a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Wed Oct 02 06:30:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1399513, encodeId=8c70139951311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=abae4388359' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43883, encryptionId=abae4388359, topicName=大脑发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/ED2CC9E7989F19A8FE1EC8C4B58CDA69/100, createdBy=cdee2217473, createdName=gj0732, createdTime=Wed Oct 02 06:30:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2013-09-30 维他命
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1958927, encodeId=0d7b195892e79, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Mon Sep 30 20:30:00 CST 2013, time=2013-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950506, encodeId=3c7e1950506d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=24aa84e7146' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84771, encryptionId=24aa84e7146, topicName=脑发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8ebc122, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Wed Aug 27 12:30:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1868688, encodeId=13801868688ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu May 08 13:30:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347003, encodeId=46e8134e003a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Wed Oct 02 06:30:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1399513, encodeId=8c70139951311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=abae4388359' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43883, encryptionId=abae4388359, topicName=大脑发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/ED2CC9E7989F19A8FE1EC8C4B58CDA69/100, createdBy=cdee2217473, createdName=gj0732, createdTime=Wed Oct 02 06:30:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1958927, encodeId=0d7b195892e79, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Mon Sep 30 20:30:00 CST 2013, time=2013-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950506, encodeId=3c7e1950506d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=24aa84e7146' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84771, encryptionId=24aa84e7146, topicName=脑发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8ebc122, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Wed Aug 27 12:30:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1868688, encodeId=13801868688ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu May 08 13:30:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347003, encodeId=46e8134e003a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Wed Oct 02 06:30:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1399513, encodeId=8c70139951311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=abae4388359' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43883, encryptionId=abae4388359, topicName=大脑发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/ED2CC9E7989F19A8FE1EC8C4B58CDA69/100, createdBy=cdee2217473, createdName=gj0732, createdTime=Wed Oct 02 06:30:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1958927, encodeId=0d7b195892e79, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Mon Sep 30 20:30:00 CST 2013, time=2013-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950506, encodeId=3c7e1950506d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=24aa84e7146' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84771, encryptionId=24aa84e7146, topicName=脑发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8ebc122, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Wed Aug 27 12:30:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1868688, encodeId=13801868688ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu May 08 13:30:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347003, encodeId=46e8134e003a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Wed Oct 02 06:30:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1399513, encodeId=8c70139951311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=abae4388359' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43883, encryptionId=abae4388359, topicName=大脑发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/ED2CC9E7989F19A8FE1EC8C4B58CDA69/100, createdBy=cdee2217473, createdName=gj0732, createdTime=Wed Oct 02 06:30:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2013-10-02 neurowu
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1958927, encodeId=0d7b195892e79, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Mon Sep 30 20:30:00 CST 2013, time=2013-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950506, encodeId=3c7e1950506d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=24aa84e7146' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84771, encryptionId=24aa84e7146, topicName=脑发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8ebc122, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Wed Aug 27 12:30:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1868688, encodeId=13801868688ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu May 08 13:30:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347003, encodeId=46e8134e003a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Wed Oct 02 06:30:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1399513, encodeId=8c70139951311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=abae4388359' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43883, encryptionId=abae4388359, topicName=大脑发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/ED2CC9E7989F19A8FE1EC8C4B58CDA69/100, createdBy=cdee2217473, createdName=gj0732, createdTime=Wed Oct 02 06:30:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]