体外诊断:应用前景分析

2016-03-04 佚名 生物谷

这几年体外诊断技术迅猛发展, 从基因水平的基因测序、SNP筛查、点突变基因诊断,到蛋白水平的各种生物标志物(biomarker)检测, 到细胞水平的循环肿瘤细胞检测(CTC)、薄层液基细胞学检测(TCT),  再到组织水平上的PET/CT等。 还有最近比较热的是一滴血可检测多个疾病指标的报道。总的来说, 体外诊断向更简便,更快捷,非侵入性,多信息化的方向发展。 对于人的健康, 我认为体外

这几年体外诊断技术迅猛发展, 从基因水平的基因测序、SNP筛查、点突变基因诊断,到蛋白水平的各种生物标志物(biomarker)检测, 到细胞水平的循环肿瘤细胞检测(CTC)、薄层液基细胞学检测(TCT),  再到组织水平上的PET/CT等。 还有最近比较热的是一滴血可检测多个疾病指标的报道。总的来说, 体外诊断向更简便,更快捷,非侵入性,多信息化的方向发展。 对于人的健康, 我认为体外诊断从以下几个方面发挥作用:

体外诊断对于未病先防

《黄帝内经·素问》有云:"是故圣人不治已病治未病,不治已乱治未乱,此之谓也。夫病已成而后药之,乱已成而后治之,譬犹渴而穿井,斗而铸锥,不亦晚乎"。这句话提出了"治未病"的思想,阐明了"治未病"的重要性。现代人越来越注重自己的健康, 很多人每年体检已成为一种习惯, 而单位体检也成为一种必备的员工福利。 体检的主要目的在于对疾病的预防和早期发现,而体外诊断在这一领域有非常大的市场,利用提供的血液、尿液,粪便,体液,分泌物等即可完成检测。

体外诊断对于慢病管理

世界范围内糖尿病发病率迅速增高,发达国家糖尿病患者达10%以上,我国糖尿病患者已超过4%,个别发达地区达6%,呈上升趋势;近年来,我国高血压的发病率逐年上升,普查资料显示我国的高血压患者已超过一亿,据统计,15岁以上人群高血压平均发病率为11%等; 而胃病已经成为生活中极其常见的疾病,据世界卫生组织近几年的统计,我国胃病的发病率高达80%以上,即每10个人中就有8个多人患有胃病。还有高血脂症,骨质疏松症等这些疾病的发病率也居高不下。 这些疾病的特点都是慢病, 需要定期监测血糖、 血压、血脂、幽门螺杆菌,骨钙的变化,体外诊断都有相应的仪器设备。 特别是目前有各种移动穿戴设备, 可以随时随地实现对血糖,血压,心率等的监测。

体外诊断对于重疾预后监测

许多癌症病人接受手术,放化疗之后要定期监测肿瘤标志物,预知癌转移以及指导用药。如乳腺癌病人术后要定期做胸片、骨扫描、肝脏B超、血常规、肿瘤相关抗原检查。乳腺癌患者随着疾病的进展,可能会出现全身性癌细胞扩散和转移,以癌细胞脑转移最为致命。乳腺癌发生脑转移后往往预后非常差,可能在数月内便导致患者死亡。生物谷曾有报道来自不列颠哥伦比亚癌症研究中心的研究人员以αB-crystallin基因表达阳性作为出现癌细胞脑转移的指标,同时也作为病人治疗预后的一种重要评价,独立于其他临床生化检测指标。这份针对4000名乳腺癌患者的临床资料分析结果发现,脑内αB-crystallin基因高表达的乳腺癌患者,比基因低表达(检测结果为阴性)的乳腺癌患者要面临3倍甚至更高的癌细胞脑转移风险。

伴随着生物技术的不断突破, 相信会有更多更灵敏的体外诊断方法出现,与此同时,国家对生物技术产业的大力扶持,使其地位成为国家重点支持的产业之一;新医疗改革不断向基层推进,为减少居民的医疗费用,提高医疗效率,应当加强疾病预防诊断;伴随收入提高,人们对健康和医疗的品质也提出了更高的要求。因此在这种大环境下,体外诊断行业的发展将迎来黄金时期。

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    2016-08-27 李东泽

    这篇资讯带给我们新知识,启发新思维,不论是科研还是临床工作都有很大的帮助。。。

    0

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    2016-03-05 忠诚向上

    认识的重要

    0

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    2016-03-05 忠诚向上

    要努力学习

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1943053, encodeId=77e21943053f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5bd4931673' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#应用前景#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49316, encryptionId=f5bd4931673, topicName=应用前景)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=af60254, createdName=mhm289, createdTime=Sun Jul 03 08:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=105856, encodeId=9bec1058561c, content=这篇资讯带给我们新知识,启发新思维,不论是科研还是临床工作都有很大的帮助。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 22:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1320680, encodeId=4c6e1320680a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9ab3265e951' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#体外诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26579, encryptionId=9ab3265e951, topicName=体外诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6732482, createdName=w984445tii, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67299, encodeId=8d246e299f9, content=认识的重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 10:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67300, encodeId=a7d06e300d9, content=要努力学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 10:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67179, encodeId=9e496e17931, content=这还要什么好说的吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=014e108570, createdName=chenchuny, createdTime=Fri Mar 04 13:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-04 chenchuny

    这还要什么好说的吗?

    0

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