Gastric Cancer: 粪便免疫化学试验 (FIT)也可以进行幽门螺杆菌粪便抗原检测

2021-12-09 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

幽门螺杆菌病是一种螺旋形、微厌氧、对生长条件要求十分苛刻的细菌。1983年首次从慢性活动性胃炎患者的胃黏膜活检组织中分离成功,是目前所知能够在人胃中生存的唯一微生物种类。

幽门螺杆菌( H. pylori )是肠型胃腺癌最重要的危险因素,被世界卫生组织(WHO)列为1类致癌物。当前的做法是根除H. pylori以预防H. pylori相关疾病的发生。进行 H. pylori 筛查是降低胃癌发生率的有效手段,但是幽门螺杆菌感染的低流行率限制了这种策略的成本效率。目前有几种非侵入性诊断测试已经可用。尿素呼气试验 (UBT) 具有最高的灵敏度 (90–96%) 和特异性 (88–98%),并且与使用 ELISA(酶免疫分析)的粪便抗原测试 (SAT) 具有相似的准确性。但是H. pylori抗体的血清学检测很容易进行,但不能区分活动性感染或先前感染,因为根除后抗体会持续存在于血液中。粪便免疫化学测试 (FIT) 首先用于结直肠癌 (CRC) 筛查,并以其易用性而著称,因此,本项研究旨在探究是否可以在 FIT 中检测到H. pylori粪便抗原,以及该结果与其他非侵入性H. pylori测试的优劣。

 

研究人员将进行尿素呼气试验 (UBT) 的18岁以上的受试者纳入本项研究。如果患者在过去 4 周内使用过抗生素/铋剂,或在过去 2 周内使用过质子抑制剂 (PPI),则被排除在外。所有受试者均接受了 UBT、ELISA 粪便抗原检测标准粪便管(SAT)、ELISA FIT 粪便抗原检测(Hp-FIT)和采血检测,并完成了一份关于用户友好性的问卷。

 

本项研究共纳入 182 名患者(男性 37.4%,中位年龄 52.4 岁(IQR 22.4))。其中,60 名患者(33.0%) 检测到幽门螺杆菌阳性。SAT 和 Hp-FIT 的总体准确度分别为 71.1% (95%CI 63.2–78.3) 和 77.6% (95%CI 70.4–83.8) ( p= 0.97)。SAT的敏感性为 91.8% (95%CI 80.4–97.7) 与 Hp-FIT的 94.2% (95%CI 84.1–98.9) ( p  = 0.98)相当。血清学评分较低,总体准确率为 49.7% (95%CI 41.7–57.7)。Hp-FIT 显示出最高的用户友好性。

 

本项研究证实FIT可用于诊断幽门螺杆菌,其准确度和灵敏度均较高,是最方便的测试方式。无创 Hp-FIT 测试对于联合上消化道和下消化道的癌症筛查非常有希望。

原始出处:

S. A. V. Nieuwenburg. Et al. Accuracy of H. pylori fecal antigen test using fecal immunochemical test (FIT). Gastric Cancer.2021.

 

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    2022-06-30 skhzy
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    2022-11-16 kcb069
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    2021-12-10 Homburg
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