Nature:新一代mTOR抑制剂有望治疗多种耐药性肿瘤

2016-05-21 佚名 生物谷 Bioon.com

在一项新的研究中,来自美国加州大学旧金山分校和纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心等机构的研究人员开发出一种潜在的抗癌药物,该药物利用一种独特的策略阻断mTOR,其中mTOR是一种有助促进多种癌症生长的分子。在动物实验中,这种药物降低对较早一代mTOR抑制剂产生耐药性的肿瘤大小。

在一项新的研究中,来自美国加州大学旧金山分校和纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心等机构的研究人员开发出一种潜在的抗癌药物,该药物利用一种独特的策略阻断mTOR,其中mTOR是一种有助促进多种癌症生长的分子。在动物实验中,这种药物降低对较早一代mTOR抑制剂产生耐药性的肿瘤大小。相关研究结果于2016年5月18日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“Overcoming mTOR resistance mutations with a new-generation mTOR inhibitor”。论文通信作者为来自加州大学旧金山分校的Kevan Shokat和来自纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心的Neal Rosen。

几种抗癌药物试图通过阻断mTOR来阻止肿瘤生长,其中mTOR是细胞生长调节网络中的一个关键组分,但在癌细胞中,这个调节网络经常受到破坏。最早的这些药物,包括雷帕霉素和相关的被称作雷帕霉素类似物(rapalog)的分子,在治疗包括肾癌和乳腺癌在内的一些癌症中取得一些成功。设计出的第二代mTOR抑制剂要比rapalog更强效地阻断mTOR信号,当前正在临床试验中接受评估。

不幸的是,肿瘤在有效治疗几个月或几年后能够对rapalog产生耐药性,而且很可能也会对第二代mTOR抑制剂产生耐药性。Shokat说,这是分子靶向癌症治疗药物的一个常见问题。但是如果科学家们能够理解让癌细胞对药物产生耐药性的突变,那么他们能够努力开发下一代抗癌药物。

Shokat和他的同事们想要解决这个问题,为此开始考虑开发第三代mTOR抑制剂而不用等待病人对最新的治疗药物产生耐药性。为了了解耐药性如何可能产生,Rosen团队让他们在实验室培养的乳腺癌细胞接触雷帕霉素或一种被称作ADZ8055的第二代mTOR抑制剂三个月。大多数乳腺癌细胞死亡,但是正如期待中的那样,一些癌细胞找到存活下来和增殖的方法。

研究人员研究了这些耐药性的乳腺癌细胞以便鉴定出允许它们茁壮成长的特异性突变,并且作出推理:同样的突变可能也出现于接受这些药物治疗的病人体内。随后,Rosen团队在对来自癌症病人的肿瘤进行分门别类的基因数据库中寻找突变。

令他们吃惊的是,让他们在实验室培养的乳腺癌细胞对ADZ8055产生耐药性的突变也存在一些病人的乳腺癌中,甚至是在他们接受治疗之前。Shokat说,“这真地令人吃惊,这是因为它们通常是药物诱导的突变。”这些突变也存在于大约10%的肾细胞癌(最为常见的肾癌)中,提高mTOR活性,这意味着它们在ADZ8055存不存在时都能促进肿瘤生长。

Shokat说,携带这些突变的病人从不会对这种第二代mTOR抑制剂产生反应。“这项研究立即从‘病人将产生这些突变,因此我们将需要一种药物[进行治疗]’改变为‘哇,病人已经产生这些突变,他们对我们在诊所中使用的药物再次产生耐药性’。”

研究人员知道他们需要与之前的mTOR抑制剂作用机制不同的新一代抑制剂。为此,Shokat从免疫系统中获得灵感。多亏抗体的Y性结构具有两个抗原结合端,它们善于结合到快速发生变化的靶标上。Shokat说,这两个结合位点让抗体对它们的靶标具有较强的亲和力,因此,他想模拟这一策略:设计一种结合到mTOR两个位置上的抑制剂。

他是通过将一种第一代mTOR抑制剂---结合到mTOR分子的一部分---与一种第二代mTOR抑制剂---靶向结合于mTOR分子一个不同的口袋---连接在一起来做到这一点的。这种新的被称作Rapalink 的mTOR抑制剂结合到mTOR的两个位点上,因而比早期的mTOR抑制剂更牢固地结合到mTOR上。

更重要的是,这种双功能抑制剂能够抓牢mTOR,即便是它含有阻止较为简单的抑制剂结合的突变。这是因为mTOR上的两个结合位点并不需要与这种抑制剂完全匹配。Shokat解释道,一旦这个抑制剂的一端结合到它的靶标上,它的另一端也离它自己的结合口袋靠得很近,因此也可能结合上去。

研究人员证实Rapalink能够进入癌细胞内部,关闭mTOR信号,即便是这些癌细胞对早期的抑制剂产生耐药性。他们也在动物实验中测试了Rapalink抑制肿瘤生长的能力,结果发现它降低对第一代或第二代mTOR抑制剂产生耐药性的肿瘤大小。

研究人员已将Rapalink许可给生物医药公司Kura Oncology。该公司将继续评估它作为癌症治疗药物的潜力。Shokat和Rosen是该公司的科学顾问。

原始出处:

Vanessa S. Rodrik-Outmezguine,Masanori Okaniw et al.Overcoming mTOR resistance mutations with a new-generation mTOR inhibitor.Nature (2016) doi:10.1038/nature17963

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    2016-05-25 liye789132251
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    2016-09-30 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    拜读,好文

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881055, encodeId=3962188105527, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed May 25 14:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138126, encodeId=f34413812643, content=拜读,好文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 30 15:16:51 CST 2016, time=2016-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2023283, encodeId=9a54202328377, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5698039063' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#耐药性肿瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80390, encryptionId=f5698039063, topicName=耐药性肿瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=bugit, createdTime=Sun Nov 13 14:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1851314, encodeId=99e218513149c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f0a254918f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑制剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54918, encryptionId=f0a254918f0, topicName=抑制剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Sat Feb 04 11:45:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87740, encodeId=802b8e74083, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Tue May 31 09:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87741, encodeId=bce88e741ba, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Tue May 31 09:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1489888, encodeId=9a6f1489888f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df661233631' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#mTOR抑制剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12336, encryptionId=df661233631, topicName=mTOR抑制剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7f708628038, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Mon May 23 09:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-04 jklm09
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    2016-05-31 lsblb

    好文章!

    0

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    2016-05-31 lsblb

    好文章!

    0

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