Neurology:出血性脑室扩张后脑室周围白质的微结构损伤

2021-12-04 Naomi MedSci原创

PHH与弥漫性白质损伤相关,包括轴突和髓鞘损伤的特定类型、纤维丢失、细胞浸润和炎症。较大的脑室大小与更大的破裂有关。死后免疫组织化学证实了MRI表现。

      大约20%的早产儿(妊娠≤32周)持续自发性脑室出血(IVH)。重度IVH的定义是血液充盈超过脑室容积的50%,并伴有或不伴有实质内受累,通常会导致脑脊液(CSF)动力学紊乱、CSF积聚和颅内压升高,从而导致出血性脑室扩张(PHVD)。在某些情况下,PHVD进展为出血性脑积水(PHH),需要长期的脑积水治疗。关键的是,PHH与受影响婴儿的认知缺陷和脑性瘫痪有关,是癫痫、听力、视觉和语言障碍的主要原因。

     PHH患儿的许多神经损伤是由于关键的脑室周围白质(PVWM)结构的损伤,包括胼胝体(CC)、皮质脊髓束(CST)和视神经辐射(OPRA)。弥散张量成像(DTI)已被广泛用于显示PHH和各种形式的新生儿脑积水的PVWM损伤。PHH的DTI表现包括提示白质破坏的分数各向异性减少、轴向弥散减少。PHH患者的这些异常DTI测量与神经发育不良相关。然而,DTI在其能够以足够的敏感性和特异性描述复杂的白质病理。关键的是,DTI不能解决交叉纤维的扩散性,量化轴突密度,或在混合存在有髓鞘、髓鞘异常和无髓鞘轴突的情况下准确评估髓鞘完整性。此外,神经炎症是PHH病理生理学的一个标志,与多个纤维外水隔间,不同的细胞密度,水肿和轴突丢失有关。重要的是,DTI不能准确区分这些病理,限制了其研究PHH相关损伤的有效性。

      扩散基谱成像(DBSI),一种多张量扩散磁共振成像(DMRI)分析方法,解决了这些关键的DTI限制。在DBSI中,水的位移被表示为反映不同水箱的多个扩散张量。这允许交叉纤维的分离,并提供交叉角度、单个交叉纤维的定向扩散率和轴突损失的测量。此外,除了各向异性扩散隔间之外,DBSI模型还包括反映水隔间的各向同性张量,其中考虑了炎症细胞和水肿。DBSI已在白质损伤的临床前模型中得到验证,并在成人中用于研究具有不同白质病理的临床人群。

      新生儿出血性脑积水(PHH)的神经功能缺损与脑室周围白质损伤有关。为了提高对PHH相关损伤的认识,近日,有研究人员在新生儿中应用扩散基础光谱成像(DBSI),模拟轴突和髓鞘完整性、纤维密度和纤维外病理。目的包括确定脑室周围束的DBSI测量特征,将测量结果与脑室大小相关联,并结合类似病例的死后脑白质组织学检查MRI表现。

      一组预期的早产儿接受了足月MRI检查,包括PHH、无脑积水(IVH)的重度脑室出血(IVH)和对照组(VPT)。从胼胝体、皮质脊髓束和光辐射中提取的DBSI指标包括纤维轴向扩散系数、纤维径向扩散系数、纤维分数各向异性、纤维分数(纤维密度)、限制性分数(细胞浸润)和非限制性分数(血管源性水肿)。测量结果在不同组之间进行了比较,并与脑室大小相关。在患有和不患有PHH的尸检婴儿的胼胝体进行了免疫组织化学,评估了纤维内和纤维外的病理。

  • 对95例早产儿进行了评估(VPT 68例,IVH 15例,PHH 12例)。
  • PHH患儿的脑白质异常最严重,IVH组和VPT组在测量方法上没有一致的差异。
  • PHH的主要脑束特异性白质损伤类型包括轴突和/或髓鞘损伤时纤维成分减少,细胞浸润增加,血管源性水肿和炎症。具体地说,胼胝体的轴突损伤程度最高;皮质脊髓束中观察到轴突和髓鞘损伤;轴突和髓鞘完整性在视神经辐射中纤维外细胞浸润和水肿增加的情况下得以保存。
  • 脑室大小的增加与跨组的DBSI指标较差相关。
  • 在组织学上,PHH患儿细胞密度高,胞浆空泡化多变,突触素标记强度低。

      PHH与弥漫性白质损伤相关,包括轴突和髓鞘损伤的特定类型、纤维丢失、细胞浸润和炎症。较大的脑室大小与更大的破裂有关。死后免疫组织化学证实了MRI表现。这些结果表明,DBSI为研究PHH对新生儿脑发育的神经病理影响提供了一种超越常规扩散MRI的创新方法。

文献来源:Isaacs AM, Neil JJ, McAllister JP, et al. Microstructural Periventricular White Matter Injury in Post-Hemorrhagic Ventricular Dilatation [published online ahead of print, 2021 Nov 19]. Neurology. 2021;10.1212/WNL.0000000000013080. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000013080

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    2022-07-11 lsj637
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    2022-04-01 yinhl1978
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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1684884, encodeId=7f9c168488482, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=794754e74f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#扩张#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54774, encryptionId=794754e74f4, topicName=扩张)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=699d28086811, createdName=lsj637, createdTime=Mon Jul 11 23:35:44 CST 2022, time=2022-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2027043, encodeId=1960202e043f6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e51050e5695' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微结构#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50756, encryptionId=e51050e5695, topicName=微结构)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Thu Apr 21 21:35:44 CST 2022, time=2022-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1810377, encodeId=756f18103e76d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7cdb84816e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑室扩张#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84816, encryptionId=7cdb84816e9, topicName=脑室扩张)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2978132, createdName=minzju5052, createdTime=Thu Jan 06 14:35:44 CST 2022, time=2022-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2001632, encodeId=fd76200163295, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5df12695e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neurol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12695, encryptionId=d5df12695e6, topicName=Neurol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8217292, createdName=yinhl1978, createdTime=Fri Apr 01 07:35:44 CST 2022, time=2022-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1765930, encodeId=d51d1e6593057, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=252ae1803a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#白质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71803, encryptionId=252ae1803a3, topicName=白质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Sun Jun 19 17:35:44 CST 2022, time=2022-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1079249, encodeId=b5a310e92493c, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=000e5717998, createdName=ms9000001596208170, createdTime=Sun Dec 12 12:58:01 CST 2021, time=2021-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1078241, encodeId=9a1f10e824134, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Dec 08 23:50:23 CST 2021, time=2021-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1398244, encodeId=871b1398244f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoNX3lUOlDKGBUEPNwZx0nibmdcFyeibnX4WMhUSCU2REpGRWtSmnT2CCs0dA5waxvJknYDxwtYnIcQ/132, createdBy=294e2500218, createdName=ms3046638856685384, createdTime=Sun Dec 05 14:35:44 CST 2021, time=2021-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1630572, encodeId=981516305e2ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=80f484805a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑室#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84805, encryptionId=80f484805a4, topicName=脑室)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3eab21540873, createdName=tastas, createdTime=Sun Dec 05 14:35:44 CST 2021, time=2021-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-12 ms9000001596208170

    学习了

    0

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    2021-12-08 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2021-12-05 tastas

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