BMJ子刊|上海13万人数据显示:口腔微生物群多样性与不吸烟者肺癌的发生风险相关

2021-01-02 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

未来的研究关注某些特定口腔微生物类群的丰度与肺癌风险改变的机制。

在人类基因组计划完成后,美国国立卫生研究院(National Institute of Health,NIH)于2007年底启动了针对“第二基因组”的“人类微生物组计划”(human microbiome project,HMP),旨在通过绘制人体五大部位(口腔、鼻腔、阴道、肠道、皮肤)微生物基因组结构,解析微生物菌群结构变化对人类健康的影响。人类微生物组计划掀起了全球微生物组学研究热潮

其中,作为人体微生物群落的重要组成部分之一,口腔微生物群落因取材方便、与口腔及全身健康关系密切,成为HMP及“全民个体微生物组检测项目”的重点关注对象。

 

口腔微生物群落是指定植于人体口腔的微生物集合,多以生物膜形式行使微生物生理学功能。当微生物群落与宿主间生态关系失衡时,可诱发多种口腔感染性疾病,包括龋病、牙髓根尖周病、牙周病、智齿冠周炎、颌骨骨髓炎等,严重危害口腔健康。更为重要的是,口腔微生物群落与口腔肿瘤、糖尿病类风湿性关节炎血管疾病及早产等系统性疾病紧密相关,口腔微生物群落结构特征可作为口腔及全身健康预警的重要标记。

为了探讨口腔微生物群多样性是否与从不吸烟者的肺癌发生风险相关,来自美国Vanderbilt大学、国家癌症研究所,以及中国上海市肿瘤研究所的科学家团队进行了相关的前瞻性研究。结果发表在最新的BMJ子刊Thorax上。

该研究选取了两项前瞻性巢式病例对照研究,即上海市女性健康研究(SWHS, n=74941)和上海市男性健康研究(SMHS, n=61480),所有参与者均为从未吸烟者且基线无癌症。在研究进行中,114名参与者(分别有90名女性与24名男性)发生肺癌,其中中位确诊时间为7.2年。

随后,研究人员选取了与病例组性别、年龄(≤2岁)、样本采集日期(≤30天)和时间(上午/下午)、样本采集前一周内抗生素使用情况(是/否)和绝经状态(女性)1:1匹配的114名对照组。使用源基因组测序检测每个病理和对照组诊断前口腔冲洗样品中微生物组的结构和丰度。

使用多变量逻辑回归模型估计肺癌发生风险与α多样性指标和类群相对丰度的关联。基于微生物回归内核关联检验(MiRKAT)评估了风险与微生物组β多样性之间的关联。

结果显示,与微生物α多样性较高的受试者相比,微生物α多样性较低的受试者患肺癌的风险增加,而β多样性没有明显的病例对照差异。在进行多重比较后发现,Spirochaetia(OR=0.42)与Bacteroidetes(OR=0.31)两种菌种丰度升高都能降低肺癌发生风险;而Bacilli(OR=1.49)与Lactobacillales order(OR=2.15)丰度升高则明显增加肺癌发生风险。

上述结果为我们进一步了解不吸烟肺癌患者的病因学提供了重要依据。提示未来的研究关注某些特定口腔微生物类群的丰度与肺癌风险改变的机制。

 

参考文献:

 

Hosgood HD, et al. Variation in oral microbiome is associated with future risk of lung cancer among never-smokers. Thorax. 2020 Dec 14:thoraxjnl-2020-215542. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215542.

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