中国西部首例基因芯片试管婴儿在第四军医大学唐都医院诞生

2012-08-20 雷恺 刘婷婷 中国广播网

    第四军医大学唐都医院宣布8月15日上午9时18分和22分,西部首例、我国第三例经基因芯片试管婴儿技术助孕成功妊娠的龙凤胎顺利在唐都医院诞生,此项技术填补了中国西部辅助生殖技术的一项空白。     35岁的张女士曾于2005年生下一个唐氏综合征并伴有严重先天性心脏病的患儿,出生不久便不幸夭折,之后的5年时间内未能再次怀孕。2010

    第四军医大学唐都医院宣布8月15日上午9时18分和22分,西部首例、我国第三例经基因芯片试管婴儿技术助孕成功妊娠的龙凤胎顺利在唐都医院诞生,此项技术填补了中国西部辅助生殖技术的一项空白。

    35岁的张女士曾于2005年生下一个唐氏综合征并伴有严重先天性心脏病的患儿,出生不久便不幸夭折,之后的5年时间内未能再次怀孕。2010年开始,张女士先后在不同医院进行过3次常规试管婴儿技术助孕,均由于胚胎着床失败或早期流产而宣告失败。2011年经人介绍,张女士夫妇来到第四军医大学唐都医院生殖医学中心。经检查发现:夫妇双方染色体均正常,张女士双侧输卵管梗阻,丈夫为男性弱精子症。如果要解决生育问题,必须再次采用试管婴儿技术助孕。为了避免再次胚胎着床失败,同时最大限度的降低早期流产及再次生出缺陷儿的风险,生殖医学中心王晓红主任及其团队经过综合分析,决定在原有试管婴儿技术的基础上,结合当前最新的基因芯片技术,对其夫妇在实施试管婴儿过程中形成的胚胎进行植入前全基因组遗传学筛查,排除染色体异常的胚胎,将正常的胚胎植入母体子宫。

    去年12月,对张女士在实施试管婴儿过程中形成的7枚胚胎,运用基因芯片技术排除了5枚染色体异常的胚胎,优选出2枚染色体正常的胚胎,移植到张女士的子宫内,45天后通过B超监测,确定为双胎妊娠。8月15日,怀孕38周的张女士在唐都医院顺利诞下一对龙凤胎,女婴重2460克,男婴重2980克,经检查,婴儿发育正常,身体健康。

    基因芯片试管婴儿技术是当今最新的第三代试管婴儿技术,即胚胎植入前遗传学诊断和筛查技术。该技术能在胚胎发育到第3至5天时,一次性对其46条染色体进行筛查,排除染色体数目和结构异常或带有遗传性疾病的胚胎,优选出健康胚胎放入女性子宫内,是解决反复试管婴儿技术胚胎着床失败、孕早期反复自然流产或生育过染色体异常疾病患儿的患者生育问题的一种有效技术。通过基因芯片技术的诊断和筛查,可使此类患者拥有自己的健康孩子。

    唐都医院生殖医学中心在陕西省率先开展了单精子卵胞浆内显微注射、冻融胚胎移植、精子冷冻、激光辅助孵化、未成熟卵体外培养、囊胎培养、胚胎种植前遗传学诊断等先进技术,填补了陕西省多项空白,曾获得陕西省科学技术一等奖。据文献检索,此次基因芯片试管婴儿是中国西部首例、全国第三例,该项技术已达到国际先进水平。

    拓展阅读:

    在我国民间经常把“体外受精和胚胎移植”(In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, IVF-ET)叫“试管婴儿”。1978年世界上第一个试管婴儿在英国诞生,是steptoe博士和Edowrds教授共同研究的成果,被称为人类医学史上的奇迹,Edowrds教授也因此在2010年获得诺贝尔医学奖。IVF通常情况下是将精卵放在同一个培养基中,让它们自然结合,即所谓的“常规受精”。但有时由于各种原因,会出现受精失败。

    1992年比利时的Palermo医师在人类成功应用了卵浆内单精子注射(ICSI),这项技术可以解决常规受精失败的问题,因此提高了IVF的成功率。ICSI对重度少弱精以及需睾丸取精的男性不孕症患者的治疗,具有里程碑的意义。

    近年来,许多IVF中心开展了胚胎着床前遗传病诊断(PGD),对于有某些特殊染色体异常或遗传性疾病的夫妇,可以通过PGD技术选择正常的胚胎,从而获得健康的自代。

    对胚胎进行多个染色体筛查,以找到正常的可以移植的胚胎,这项技术叫PGS,近年也陆续应用于临床。

    2010年诺贝尔生理或医学奖归于试管婴儿(IVF)

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    2012-08-23 ying_wu
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    2012-08-22 lixiaol