Diabetes Care:新型降糖药可有效改善亚洲人心血管风险

2021-04-04 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

与白人相比,亚裔可能从SGLT2is中获得更大的心血管死亡/心衰获益,在2型糖尿病患者中,从GLP-1RAs中获得MACE获益。

虽然糖尿病治疗取得了一定进展,但通常还是无法实现最佳血糖控制。许多抗糖尿病药物可引起低血糖和体重增加,这可能会影响“强化”治疗的实施和长期应用。当前治疗主要着眼于以下几点:增加胰岛素(通过直接给予胰岛素或胰岛素促泌剂),改善胰岛素敏感性,延迟胃肠道碳水化合物的传输与吸收,或增加尿糖排泄。

基于胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)的治疗,例如GLP-1受体激动剂、二肽基肽酶4(dipeptidyl peptidase-4, DPP-4)抑制剂,以及钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT2)可通过增加葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素分泌、减慢胃排空、降低餐后胰高血糖素、减少食物摄入量等机制来控制血糖。

GLP-1对葡萄糖稳态的作用反映了肠促胰岛素效应,即在相同的血糖变化水平下,口服葡萄糖对胰岛素分泌的刺激作用大于静脉用葡萄糖这一效应由多种胃肠肽(尤其是GLP-1)介导,胃肠肽在进食后释放,能刺激胰岛素合成与分泌,而静脉内给予碳水化合物时不会出现这种情况。

血管结果试验(CVOTs)的结果表明,亚洲人可能比白人从新的抗高血糖药物类别中获得更大的益处。最近,由英国格拉斯哥心血管病医学中心的专家领衔的一项研究,旨在提供按种族(亚洲人 vs. 白人)分层的SGLT2is和GLP-1RAs的心血管疗效的危险比(HR)。

研究人员选择2015年1月1日至2020年12月8日发表的,有关SGLT2is和GLP-1RAs的随机安慰剂对照试验进行荟萃分析。研究主要报告了1)糖尿病患者的主要心血管不良事件(MACE)和2)HF和射血分数降低(HFrEF)患者的心血管(CV)死亡/心力衰竭住院(HHF)的HRs。

结果显示,总的来说,在所有测试的药物类型中,与白人相比,GLP-1受体激动剂在改善亚裔人群的心梗和中风风险上有更大的优势。

具体说来,在4项2型糖尿病的SGLT2i试验中,3298名亚洲人与20258名白人的MACE结果HR(95%CI)分别为0.81(0.57,1.04)与0.90(0.80,1.00)。同时,在两项针对HFrEF患者的SGLT2i试验中,1788名亚洲人与5962名白人的CV死亡/HHF结局HR分别为0.60(0.47,0.74)vs 0.82(0.73,0.92)。

此外,在心力衰竭试验中,与白人相比,SGLT2抑制剂对亚裔人群的潜在效果仍然更好。在6项GLP-1RA试验中,4195名亚洲人与37530名白人的MACE结果HR分别为0.68(0.53,0.84)vs.0.87(0.81,0.94)。

综上,与白人相比,亚裔可能从SGLT2is中获得更大的心血管死亡/心衰获益,在2型糖尿病患者中,从GLP-1RAs中获得MACE获益。

 

参考文献:

Meta-analyses of Results From Randomized Outcome Trials Comparing Cardiovascular Effects of SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs in Asian Versus White Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021 Mar; dc203007.

https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-3007

 

 

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    2021-04-05 病毒猎手

    这个广告做得好!

    0

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李光伟述评:给降血糖治疗系上安全带

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