Nat Med:PD-1免疫检查点疗法可用于治疗老年痴呆症

2016-01-21 佚名 生物谷

慢性神经炎症反应常见于各类神经退行性疾病,而且是导致疾病恶化的重要因素。然而,虽然一些抗炎药物与免疫抑制疗法能够减轻部分神经退行性疾病的症状,但这些疗法在临床试验中大多以失败而告终。在小鼠阿兹海默症疾病模型中,单核细胞分化成的巨噬细胞向中枢神经系统(CNS)聚集能够保护神经系统免受损伤,然而后续的实验证明巨噬细胞的自发聚集不足以起到保护的作用。 最近,作者所在实验室利用五个家族性AD位点突变的阿

慢性神经炎症反应常见于各类神经退行性疾病,而且是导致疾病恶化的重要因素。然而,虽然一些抗炎药物与免疫抑制疗法能够减轻部分神经退行性疾病的症状,但这些疗法在临床试验中大多以失败而告终。在小鼠阿兹海默症疾病模型中,单核细胞分化成的巨噬细胞向中枢神经系统(CNS)聚集能够保护神经系统免受损伤,然而后续的实验证明巨噬细胞的自发聚集不足以起到保护的作用。

最近,作者所在实验室利用五个家族性AD位点突变的阿兹海默症小鼠模型进行研究,发现FOXP3+ 的调节性T细胞(Treg)的暂时性缺失能够引发由IFN-gamma介导的系统性免疫反应以及大脑脉络丛的激活(这是一种能够引导淋巴细胞向中枢神经系统移动的途径)。后续伴随着巨噬细胞以及Treg细胞在中枢神经系统的聚集,最终导致大脑皮层老年斑(主要成分是β淀粉样蛋白)的清除以及神经退化症状的改善。因此,作者认为在神经退行性疾病发生过程中,系统性的免疫反应应该能够帮助大脑进行损伤修复。

免疫检查点(Immune Checkpoints)是调节系统性免疫稳态与耐受的信号通路。特定的免疫检查点的阻断,比如PD-1,能够增强抗肿瘤免疫反应。由于PD-1阻断能够引发IFN-gamma介导的癌症免疫疗法,结合上述的实验结果,作者们猜测PD-1能否作为治疗阿兹海默症的免疫靶点。

为了验证这一猜想,作者们首先对10个月大阿兹海默症模型小鼠(5XFAD)注射抗-PD-1的抗体(对照组注射同型IgG)。在首次注射7天之后,作者发现PD-1的阻断能够提高脾脏细胞中IFN-gamma+ CD4+ T细胞的比例。对其大脑的脉络丛进行基因表达的检测,也发现其IFN-gamma表达水平的提高。这些实验现象说明PD-1的阻断能够提高脉络丛组织中IFN-gamma的表达水平。

之后,作者检测了这一治疗方法会不会引发巨噬细胞的聚集。通过分析实验组与对照组小鼠脑部的细胞成分,作者发现在PD-1阻断之后会引发大量CD45highCD11b+ 细胞的聚集。之后,作者希望了解这些巨噬细胞的聚集是否依赖于IFN-gamma。因此,作者在进行PD-1阻断注射之前先进行了IFN-gamma抗体阻断。结果显示,IFN-gamma的中和能够降低巨噬细胞向中枢神经系统的移动。

下一步,作者检测了这一疗法是否会对阿兹海默症的症状产生任何影响。作者按上述实验方法对10个月左右的AD小鼠进行了刺激,1个月之后,通过对它们的空间学习能力以及记忆能力的检测,发现PD-1的阻断能够有效缓解认知能力的退化;另外,作者还观察到PD-1处理组小鼠的大脑皮层老年斑的比例要明显低于对照组,侧面反映了这一疗法的有效性。

综上,作者通过一系列体内实验证明了抗PD-1免疫检查点疗法治疗阿兹海默症的效果。

原始出处:

Baruch K, Deczkowska A,et al.PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade reduces pathology and improves memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.Nat Med. 2016 Jan 18.

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    2016-10-25 Boyinsh
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    2016-10-15 liye789132251
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    2016-01-27 李继凯

    文章不错

    0

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