黄峻:JNC8不能否认β受体阻滞剂的“中国特色”

2013-12-30 丁香园心血管频道 丁香园

经过十年的等待,2014年美国成人高血压指南(JNC8)终于发布。新指南仅建议将噻嗪类利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)、血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB)以及钙通道阻滞剂(CCB)作为一线降压药物,不再推荐β受体阻滞剂(BB)用于高血压患者的初始治疗。此外,在降压目标值、启动时机以及降压方案的调整策略等方面都有改变。然而,该指南一经发布便在业界引起普遍争议,有观点认为,指南没有得到美国心脏病

经过十年的等待,2014年美国成人高血压指南(JNC8)终于发布。新指南仅建议将噻嗪类利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)、血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB)以及钙通道阻滞剂(CCB)作为一线降压药物,不再推荐β受体阻滞剂(BB)用于高血压患者的初始治疗。此外,在降压目标值、启动时机以及降压方案的调整策略等方面都有改变。

然而,该指南一经发布便在业界引起普遍争议,有观点认为,指南没有得到美国心脏病学会(ACC)和美国心脏病协会(AHA)的支持,实质上只是一个专家委员会基于RCT研究的指南,影响力可能不如JNC7。

为此,丁香园对中国高血压联盟副主席、南京医科大学第一附属医院(暨江苏省人民医院)心血管科主任医师黄峻教授进行了专访。

黄教授认为,美国成人高血压指南针对的是美国人群,美国人群生活方式、高血压的病因,甚至基因类型等多方面均与中国人群存在差异,该指南并不适合中国人群的高血压治疗,中国医生不可直接照搬美国的指南。

JNC8只纳入了1996-2006年发表的RCT,并且其中仅有一项RCT研究(LIFE)对BB和ARB进行了比较,该研究中BB在心血管疾病死亡的复合终点、心梗及卒中等差于后者。值得注意的是,LIFE试验中用到的BB为水溶性阿替洛尔,该药物早已被证实不具备心脏保护作用,并不能代表所有的BB。

此外,著名的Marphy研究证实美托洛尔可降低死亡率,减少猝死,但由于该研究早于1996年,而没有纳入该指南,导致JNC8对BB的推荐不同于欧洲的指南。

黄峻教授指出,指南的推荐意见存在差异,甚至观点相反,这并不是谁对谁错的问题。β受体阻滞剂也许在美国不适用作为一线降压药物,但在中国还是适用的,中国的高血压指南仍然推荐使用,这是有大量中国研究证据支持的。欧美人群高血压的原因较多的可能是肾素-血管紧张素(RAS)系统的过度兴奋,而中国人群中这种病理机制就很少,仅20%左右,更多的与交感神经系统的过度兴奋相关。因此,2010中国高血压指南中将BB列为5种基本的降压药物之一,可用于初始治疗,也可以用于长期维持治疗,可单独应用,也可以与其他降压药物联合应用。在该指南推荐的6种优化联合方案中,BB和CCB的合用也是其中之一,这是有别于欧美指南的,其证据來自中国的HOT-CHINA临床研究。2010中国指南发表后这几年的临床实践证实,该指南适合中国国情,受到中国医师欢迎,实际效果也是好的,这也证实BB在中国是适用的。

JNC8特定人群只有糖尿病肾病(DM)和慢性肾脏病(CKD),没有纳入冠心病(CHD)或心衰。众所周知,BB在高血压合并CHD,高交感,或高血压合并心衰(阶段C、D)、或心功能降低、伴结构性心脏病变(阶段B)等患者都是强适应症。

黄教授最后总结道,美国的指南只需要考虑美国的国情,可以将其视为美国学者发表的一篇文章,可以据此进行学术交流,讨论和争论,但对中国的临床并没有直接的指导意义。我们在临床工作中仍应按照我国的高血压防治指南去看病。外国的指南不能照搬到我国。晩近国外学者也开始注意到心血管病治疗中人群种类和地区的差异,不赞成“一刀切”,这是明智之举。当然,重要的是,我们要有自己的研究证据,这样的证据越多,我们就越有话语权。

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