Nature:移植胚胎神经细胞可以整合到损伤的神经网

2016-10-30 生物探索 生物探索

当大脑从损伤中恢复时,成年人的大脑几乎没有能力去弥补神经细胞的损失。近日,来自德国的多个小组的联合研究已经证明,在小鼠体内,移植的胚胎神经细胞可以整合到现有的神经网路中并行使正常功能。这一研究结果发表于近日的Nature杂志上。当大脑从损伤中恢复时,成年人的大脑几乎没有能力去弥补神经细胞的损失。生物医学研究人员和临床医生希望能够通过移植神经细胞来代替那些损伤的神经细胞。但是,他们面临着一个问题——

当大脑从损伤中恢复时,成年人的大脑几乎没有能力去弥补神经细胞的损失。近日,来自德国的多个小组的联合研究已经证明,在小鼠体内,移植的胚胎神经细胞可以整合到现有的神经网路中并行使正常功能。这一研究结果发表于近日的Nature杂志上。



当大脑从损伤中恢复时,成年人的大脑几乎没有能力去弥补神经细胞的损失。生物医学研究人员和临床医生希望能够通过移植神经细胞来代替那些损伤的神经细胞。但是,他们面临着一个问题——他们并不知道移植的神经元是否可以充分地整合到大脑的神经网路中并恢复其功能。近日,来自德国的多个小组的联合研究已经证明,在小鼠体内,移植的胚胎神经细胞可以整合到现有的神经网路中并行使正常功能。这一研究结果发表于近日的Nature杂志上。


神经退行性疾病,如阿尔茨海默病或帕金森氏病,以及中风或某些损伤都可能导致脑细胞的损失。哺乳动物替换损伤脑细胞的情况非常有限,大多时候都是一种永久性的损失。将年轻的神经细胞移植到病人被累及的神经网路中,以帕金森病为例,可能在一定程度上改善临床症状。但是移植的神经细胞是否有效地整合到现有的神经网路中,是否真的能取代损失的细胞还不清楚。

在这项实验中,研究人员观察了移植的胚胎神经细胞是否可以正常地整合到成年小鼠的视觉皮层中。研究人员表示,视觉皮层是进行实验的理想区域。目前科学家们对视觉皮层神经细胞的功能和神经细胞之间的连接已经有了充分了解,因此他们比较容易评估新的神经细胞是否可以在神经网络中正常地行使功能。

研究人员将来自于大脑皮层的胚胎神经细胞移植到成年小鼠视觉皮层的损伤区域,在接下来的几周和几个月的时间中,他们通过双光子显微镜成像监测移植的这些未成熟神经元的变化,以确定它们是否分化为锥体细胞。研究人员发现这些细胞可以存活并继续发育。令人兴奋的是它们还与其他神经细胞形成了突触连接,并能够响应视觉刺激。

研究人员进一步探究移植神经元建立连接的精确模式。他们发现,来源于移植的未成熟神经元的锥体细胞与全脑内恰当的神经细胞都形成了功能连接。这意味和损失细胞一样,这些植入的神经细胞可以接收到同样精确的输入信号。并且,它们能处理这些信号并将其传递给下游神经元。这些研究结果表明,移植神经细胞十分特别,它们可以高度精确地整合到神经网络中。而在正常情况下,成年动物的大脑中往往不容易纳入新的神经细胞。这意味着成年哺乳动物的大脑仍然保留了与移植的未成熟神经元建立连接的能力。

原始出处:


[2] Susanne Falkner,et al. Transplanted embryonic neurons integrate into adult neocortical circuits. Nature. 26 October 2016. doi:10.1038/nature20113

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    2017-02-08 liye789132251
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    2016-11-01 ailian1202
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881397, encodeId=8e43188139e36, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Feb 08 21:34:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315298, encodeId=751b131529828, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Tue Nov 01 06:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1397089, encodeId=217a139e0896c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoNX3lUOlDKGBUEPNwZx0nibmdcFyeibnX4WMhUSCU2REpGRWtSmnT2CCs0dA5waxvJknYDxwtYnIcQ/132, createdBy=294e2500218, createdName=ms3046638856685384, createdTime=Tue Nov 01 06:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1489535, encodeId=ecc8148953571, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=362fe4482f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74482, encryptionId=362fe4482f1, topicName=神经细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=81b08562535, createdName=liye789132254, createdTime=Tue Nov 01 06:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152296, encodeId=480615229604, content=即使成年人对胚胎干细胞移植存在排斥,强大的战斗生物人类的大脑皮质也存在一定损伤可塑性,通过一定的训练和学习也可在大脑宝藏中找到自我救赎。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/346AC7EBBD268DB540276A8D790FEF05/100, createdBy=5c781973783, createdName=Jace, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 06:38:12 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152221, encodeId=bd341522219a, content=为了完成新手任务的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKDtuWHtWxToIW0ZEvbHgDb4ibqQ1xaDQxcsHC5NIc2RJUxQgHJOLGEg8OUT345rDPmka4icU0WHPgw/0, createdBy=379f1941464, createdName=艳阳天2016, createdTime=Sun Oct 30 16:49:46 CST 2016, time=2016-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-31 Jace

    即使成年人对胚胎干细胞移植存在排斥,强大的战斗生物人类的大脑皮质也存在一定损伤可塑性,通过一定的训练和学习也可在大脑宝藏中找到自我救赎。

    0

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    2016-10-30 艳阳天2016

    为了完成新手任务的

    0

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