CDK4/6i不良反应管理手册来了!这篇总结的很全哦~

2022-08-14 找药宝典 找药宝典

CDK4/6抑制剂口服给药,一般耐受良好,但实际应用中也会出现一些影响临床治疗的副作用,因此也需要患者朋友们即时复查,调整剂量。

细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶 CDK 4/6 抑制剂是治疗转移性雌激素受体(ER)阳性、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)阴性乳腺癌的支柱。在今年的CSCO乳腺癌指南中也显示,CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗在乳腺癌治疗中占据十分重要的地位。不过再好的药物副作用也是在所难免的,今天小编就手把手教大家如何处理这些不良反应~欢迎转发/收藏~~

CDK4/6i是什么?

细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4/6(CDK4 / 6)抑制剂作用于细胞周期并阻止G1至S期的进展。细胞从G1到S期的检查点,需要将视网膜母细胞瘤蛋白(Rb)磷酸化,并通过CDK4/6对其进行修饰,该途径中的异常会导致持续的细胞增殖,与癌变有关。CDK4/6抑制剂治疗可防止Rb磷酸化,从而引起G1细胞周期停滞,阻止细胞分裂。因而是靶向药且是阻止细胞分裂,而不是“杀死”癌细胞,因此副作用更小、对患者的身体负担也更小。

CDK4/6i不良反应有哪些?

万事难两全,即使CDK4/6抑制剂的副作用相比化疗要轻得多,但还是有一定的副作用。其中就包括了中性粒细胞减少症、血小板减少症、腹泻、肝肾损伤等。同时,QT间期延长、静脉血栓也不容小视。积极管理不良反应有助于患者朋友们减少减量、中断以及停药等情况。

01

中性粒细胞减少症

CDK4/6抑制剂所致的中性粒细胞减少不同于细胞毒性药物所致,不管骨髓中中性粒细胞前体的抑制程度如何,均可快速恢复,一般不需要剂量调整。尽管中性粒细胞减少常见,但粒细胞减少性发热却极少。3级及以上中性粒细胞减少持续时间的中位数约7天。中性粒细胞减少的情况与用药次数有关,一般在下一周期就会减少,这表明并无这方面的蓄积毒性,且如有必要可早期减量。

02

腹泻

根据次数腹泻可以分为4级:

1级 大便次数每天不超过4次;

2级 每天4-6次;

3级 每天大便超过6次,需要住院;

4级 危及生命,需要紧急治疗。

CDK4/6抑制剂引起的腹泻大多发生在用药早期,随着治疗周期的延长,腹泻的发生率和严重程度显著降低。洛哌丁胺被推荐作为腹泻的标准一线治疗。一旦出现稀便,即开始使用止泻药治疗,并增加液体的摄入量。当患者停止腹泻12小时后,应停止使用洛哌丁胺治疗。

严重的腹泻还会引起电解质紊乱,增加QT间期延长的风险。因此在2级以上腹泻,需要检查血电解质(钾钠氯钙)等。根据结果是否补充和纠正。

在腹泻期间,饮食的管理很重要,需要精细化、科学的管理,以保证营养,能够支持免疫恢复所需,让疗效大于副作用。必要的时候,可以使用医学营养补充剂以加强营养。

03

肝毒性

肝脏毒性表现为转氨酶升高,因此应在用药前、前两个周期的第1天和第15天以及后续治疗周期的第1天监测肝功能。

天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和(或)谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)分级:

1级:1-3×ULN(正常值上限);

2级:>3-5×ULN;

3级:5-20×ULN;

4级>20×ULN。

04

静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)

VTE事件包括深静脉血栓、盆腔静脉血栓、脑静脉窦血栓、锁骨下和腋静脉血栓,下腔静脉血栓以及肺栓塞。

在CDK4/6i治疗期间需关注和预防VTE的出现,监测患者深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞的症状和指征,如有异常及时请相关科室会诊并进行药物治疗。如果VTE没有危及生命,可以继续抗肿瘤治疗,结合抗血栓治疗

05

针对不良反应的CDK4/6抑制剂剂量调整

CDK4/6抑制剂再使用过程中如果出现不可耐受的不良反应,可适当降低剂量,剂量一旦降低,一般不可再次加量。

CDK4/6抑制剂口服给药,一般耐受良好,但实际应用中也会出现一些影响临床治疗的副作用,因此也需要患者朋友们即时复查,调整剂量。在兼顾治疗的同时、将副作用降至最低,避免对患者造成“雪上加霜”的后果。期待未来有更好的研究成果造福更多患者~

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    2022-10-03 soongzhihua
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    2022-07-30 zhouqu_8
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    2022-07-30 zhangj7111

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