Hypertension:COX能导致血管内皮舒张功能障碍

2013-06-16 Hypertension dxy

在本期高血压杂志,Virdis报道了一系列从正常血压和高血压病人分离的小动脉相关实验。研究结果显示,COX2是高血压病人血管内ROS的主要来源,尤其是超氧阴离子,能降低一氧化氮的生物活性,进而导致内皮依赖的血管舒张障碍。他们认为这些结果可以解释原发性高血压病人内皮功能障碍的主要原因。尽管研究范围小,但能间接反映该机制的重要性。 人们总能发现任何研究的局限性。常见的是单一药品单一剂量问题。在Vir

在本期高血压杂志,Virdis报道了一系列从正常血压和高血压病人分离的小动脉相关实验。研究结果显示,COX2是高血压病人血管内ROS的主要来源,尤其是超氧阴离子,能降低一氧化氮的生物活性,进而导致内皮依赖的血管舒张障碍。他们认为这些结果可以解释原发性高血压病人内皮功能障碍的主要原因。尽管研究范围小,但能间接反映该机制的重要性。

人们总能发现任何研究的局限性。常见的是单一药品单一剂量问题。在Virdis课题组研究中,通过选择性抑制剂apocynin和diphenylene iodinium的单一剂量结果推断,NADP(H)氧化酶(被认为是血管壁产生超氧阴离子的主要酶)的作用很小。然而,diphenylene iodinium可以干扰其他几个黄素酶氧化还原酶,apocynin是一种非选择性的抗氧化剂。类似地,血栓素前列腺素受体在COX介导内皮功能障碍中的激活作用也具有争议,这部分内容也是单一受体拮抗剂的单一浓度的研究结果。

在乙酰胆碱的作用下,血管COX能产生自由基,这一点已被证实。因此,回顾Virdis的研究资料,结果显示人体血管COX的重要作用,通过减低血管源性一氧化氮的生物反应性而减弱乙酰胆碱的舒张作用,这是本项研究的亮点。从这个层面,该结论是可喜的,因为提供了与人相关的直接证据。既然血管平滑肌内超氧阴离子过表达能破坏一氧化氮的作用,为何没有外源性一氧化氮的相关研究。研究中也没测定前列腺素(特别是前列环素),他们是COX的主要功能。

Virdis研究小组发现高血压病人小动脉内COX增加多位于基质。而在大鼠,长期动脉血压增高、糖尿病、和氧化应激能引起血管平滑肌内COX上调。对该项研究中提供的免疫组化结果也存在争议,图片中高血压病人动脉内皮层不如血压正常组保留的完整,因此,COX表达下降有疑问。此外,Virdis等报道给予L-NAME后,血管仍舒张明显,不管是否存在COX抑制剂。在没有交感神经支配的体外实验,L-NAME抵抗的舒张归因于内皮依赖的超计划。因此,是内皮功能障碍还是试图处理基质中的异常问题,无法判断。

乍一看,在高血压病人,基质COX2产生的超氧阴离子清除内皮源性一氧化氮的情况似乎不同于高血压大鼠。事实上,在高血压大鼠,内皮COX1是上调的,通过产生血管收缩剂前列腺素和自由基在内皮反应中具有重要作用。然而,是否COX1或COX2上调,这种上调是在内皮或者基质,有什么关系吗?实际上,后果是一样的,即是异常的内皮依赖性舒张,血管疾病的危险标志。慢性高血压病的哺乳动物血管壁上到底是COX1上调还是COX2上调,亦或内膜或基质,这个重要吗?到底是什么反馈环失调导致了自由基和血管收缩剂前列腺素过量产生?如果采用单一手段研究前列腺素的产生是COX的主要作用,就暗示任一调节反馈环必定涉及酶的终末产物。研究仅能推断,在不存在局部炎症标志的情况下,血管长期处于高压,内皮或血管平滑肌细胞过表达C OX是前列腺素受体反应失衡造成的。

Virdis研究小组的结果显示:至少在高血压病人皮下脂肪的小动脉,COX2是造成内皮依赖性舒张障碍的元凶,提示抑制COX2可能具有保护作用。不管怎样,他们的热情足以重新燃起制药行业的兴趣。

One or Two, Does it Matter as Long as the Arterial Wall Is Coxygenated?

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    2014-03-26 yahu
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    2013-12-30 feather89
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