Lancet:ustekinumab治疗银屑病性关节炎有效

2013-07-24 Lancet www.thelancet.com

银屑病是一种免疫介导的炎性疾病,约有20%的银屑病患者会存在血清阴性的关节炎,即银屑病性关节炎。银屑病患者的疾病负担较大,在合并关节炎时尤甚。环境因素和个体的遗传易感性的共同作用是银屑病和银屑病性关节炎的发病基础。来自全基因组关联扫描的数据证实存在一些共有的遗传基因易感位点,包括白介素12和23中所包含的单核苷酸多态性,从而导致各种障碍之间存在一定重叠部分。然而,因为目前的研究几乎不会关注皮肤和关

银屑病是一种免疫介导的炎性疾病,约有20%的银屑病患者会存在血清阴性的关节炎,即银屑病性关节炎。银屑病患者的疾病负担较大,在合并关节炎时尤甚。环境因素和个体的遗传易感性的共同作用是银屑病和银屑病性关节炎的发病基础。来自全基因组关联扫描的数据证实存在一些共有的遗传基因易感位点,包括白介素12和23中所包含的单核苷酸多态性,从而导致各种障碍之间存在一定重叠部分。然而,因为目前的研究几乎不会关注皮肤和关节病变的具体表型,所以我们很难去探究上述因素在银屑病性关节炎进展中所起的作用。

很多年来,与类风湿性关节炎相比,银屑病性关节炎一直受到忽略,并且针对银屑病关节炎鲜少有基于临床研究结果所确定的治疗方案。因此,Iain McInnes和其同事在《柳叶刀》杂志上所发表的研究结果就受到临床医生的欢迎。McInnes和其同事设计了一个随机双盲安慰剂对照的3期临床研究,研究主要针对处于活动期的银屑病关节炎患者应用ustekinumab的疗效(PSUMMIT研究),在他们的文章中发表了该研究的52周的结果。

Ustekinumab是一种人类单克隆抗体,可以抑制白介素12和23中的p40亚基,因此可有效治疗中度至重度的银屑病性关节炎。免疫学调查也提示T辅助细胞17(Th17)在银屑病和银屑病性关节炎的免疫病理过程中起到一定作用。Ustekinumab的有效性或许也和白介素12对T辅助细胞1(Th1)作用相关。2期研究的数据显示ustekinumab可以有效治疗银屑病性关节炎。

在PSUMMIT研究中,研究者共纳入了615名处于银屑病性关节炎活动期的患者(如在66个关节中肿胀关节在5个及以上、在68个关节中疼痛的在5个及以上、C反应蛋白≥3.0 mg/L),并且这些患者在过往接受过至少3个月或以上的疾病缓解抗风湿治疗,或者接受过4周或以上的非甾体类抗炎药的治疗,或上述两类治疗都接受过。

符合上述入组标准的受试者被随机分为3组,分别为45mg ustekinumab组、90mg ustekinumab组和安慰剂对照组,在入组时、治疗后4周和之后的每12周对上述指标进行评估。在第16周时,如果患者的肿胀和疼痛关节计数的改善情况与基线相比小于5%,则这些患者进入早期揭盲程序,比如如果患者原先处于安慰剂组则转为45mg ustekinumab组,如果患者原先处于45mg ustekinumab组则转为90mg ustekinumab组,而如果患者原先处于90mg ustekinumab组则继续接受原方案治疗。该研究的主要终点事件是在第24周时按照美国风湿病学会(ACR)治疗反应标准分级评价改善超过20%及以上的受试者所占的比例。

与安慰剂组的受试者相比,ustekinumab治疗组的受试者在第24周时以ACR标准评价改善超过20%的受试者所占的比例更多,在安慰剂对照组的206名受试者中有47人(49.5%),在45mg ustekinumab组中的205名受试者中有87人(42.4%),而在90mg ustekinumab组中的204名受试者中有101人(42.4%),组间比较差异具有显著统计学意义。在第24周之后,受试者对治疗的反应率改善的更明显,但是这部分的研究并没有设立安慰剂对照。研究者同样注意到在ACR治疗反应评价标准、生活质量指数和皮肤病变指数等的改善达到50%和70%的受试者在ustekinumab组中也显著增多。

虽然研究者注意到在ustekinumab治疗开始之后会出现三个主要的心血管不良反应事件,尤其是在第8周和第22周所观察到的心梗、在第29周所观察到的脑卒中;但患者一般能很好耐受ustekinumab的治疗。有观点认为主要的心血管副反应事件和白介素12/23阻滞或许存在一定的联系,尤其是在最初12周的治疗过程中,但是上述观点在皮肤科专业中还存在一定争议,可以进一步通过药物流行病学注册信息来对上述观点进行论述。

在严重的银屑病患者中,如果对传统的系统治疗效果不佳的话,那么则建议在同时合并银屑病性关节炎的患者中应用肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)抑制剂治疗。McInnes和其同事的研究结果提示,在未来,ustekinumab或许会在银屑病和银屑病性关节炎的治疗中起到一定作用。PSUMMIT1研究提示与抗肿瘤坏死因子α药物相比,ustekinumab起效较慢;但在第52周后两者的治疗反应率相当。

作者也承认进行安慰剂后的交叉研究对数据解读可能会带来一定不利影响。我们需要针对ustekinumab和抗-TNF α药物进行研究以确定这些药物在治疗银屑病性关节炎中的相互作用如何,尤其是评估在应用ACR反应标准进行评价时ustekinumab治疗所能达到的改善程度是否与抗TNF-α药物治疗所取得的疗效相一致。同时我们也在翘首以盼通过采用影像学评价方法对ustekinumab对银屑病性关节炎的疗效的相关数据。

Ustekinumab对指(趾)炎和附着点处的炎症有治疗作用,迄今为止在银屑病性关节炎患者中上述治疗作用是独一无二的。有趣的是,ustekinumab在同时伴有脊柱关节炎的患者中也存在有效的治疗作用,这为同时具有外周关节炎和脊柱关节炎的患者打开了一扇新的治疗选择的大门。但是同时存在这样一个问题,即在强直性脊柱炎患者中靶向针对IL23/Th17旁路,这强调了在银屑病和银屑病性关节炎中所存在的表型-基因型联系的重要性。我们需要强调对银屑病性关节炎进行早期筛查,对同时具有银屑病和银屑病性关节炎的患者进行联合治疗,以改善治疗决策的制定和对这些障碍表型的认识,这可以最终帮助我们针对不同的患者制定分层治疗方案。

Warren RB, Chinoy H.Ustekinumab for psoriatic arthritis: close to the PSUMMIT?Lancet. 2013 Jun 12. doi:pii: S0140-6736(13)60739-4. 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60739-4. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available. PMID:23769295

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    2013-08-06 howi
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    2013-09-15 docwu2019
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    2013-07-26 lmm397